Respiratory E2

Question 1

If a pt reports new SOB, what other present symptoms warrant an immediate medical referral?

Answer 1

1. tachypneic,
2. diaphoretic, or
3. cyanotic
   - anaphylaxis is also an emergency

Question 2

absence of spontaneous respiration

Answer 2

apnea

Question 3

small airway obstruction due to inflammation and hyperreactive airways

Answer 3

Asthma (reactive airway disease)

Question 4

incomplete expansion of the lung at birth or the collapse of the lung at any age

Answer 4

Atelectasis

Question 5

irregular breaths varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea but lacking repetitive pattern, associated with increased intracranial pressure

Answer 5

Biot respirations

Question 6

chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles cause by repeated pulmonary infections and bronchial obstructions

Answer 6

Bronchiectasis

Question 7

inflammation of the large airways

Answer 7

Bronchitis

Question 8

greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken words

Answer 8

Bronchophany

Question 9

Lung sound: typically moderate in intensity; heard over major bronchi

Answer 9

Bronchovesicular

Question 10

inflammation leading to hyperinflation of the lungs occurring most often in infants younger than 6 months old

Answer 10

Bronchiolitis

Question 11

intervals of apnea followed by crescendo/decrescendo sequence of breathing; often associated with dying

Answer 11

Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern

Question 12

large airway inflammation usually a result of chronic irritation exposure; more commonly a problem for patients older than 40

Answer 12

Chronic bronchitis

Question 13

nonspecific designation that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Answer 13

COPD

Question 14

acute or chronic respiratory condition involving right-sided heart failure

Answer 14

Cor pulmonale

Question 15

sudden spasmodic expiration, forcing a sudden opening of the glottis

Answer 15

Cough

Question 16

abnormal sound, more often heard on inspiration; characterized by discrete discontinuous sounds; rales

Answer 16

Crackles

Question 17

syndrome that generally results from infection with a variety of viral agents, particularly the parainfluenza viruses occurring most often in children from about 1½ to 3 years of age

Answer 17

Croup

Question 18

autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine glands involving the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands

Answer 18

CF

Question 19

result of an imperfectly structured diaphragm

Answer 19

Diaphragmatic hernia

Question 20

increase of intensity of spoken sound with accompanying nasal sound

Answer 20

epiphany

Question 21

condition in which the lungs lose elasticity and alveoli enlarge in a way that disrupts function

Answer 21

emphysema

Question 22

purulent exudative fluid collected in the pleural space

Answer 22

Empyema

Question 23

acute life-threatening infection involving the epiglottitis and surrounding tissues

Answer 23

Epiglotitis

Question 24

occurs outside the respiratory tree; dry, crackly, grating, low-pitched sound

Answer 24

pleural friction rub

Question 25

mediastinal crunch; variety of sound including loud crackles and clicking or gurgling sounds; associated with mediastinal emphysema

Answer 25

Hamman sign

Question 26

presence of blood in the pleural cavity

Answer 26

hemothorax

Question 27

viral infection of the lung

Answer 27

influenza

Question 28

Breathing pattern: deep and usually rapid; associated with metabolic acidosis

Answer 28

Kussmaul

Question 29

well-defined circumscribed mass defined by inflammation, suppuration, and subsequent central necrosis

Answer 29

Lung abcess

Question 30

whisper can be clearly heard through the stethoscope; associated with consolidation of lungs

Answer 30

whispered pectoriloquy

Question 31

excessive nonpurulent fluid in the pleural space

Answer 31

Pleural effusion

Question 32

inflammatory process involving the visceral and parietal pleura which becomes edematous and fibrinous

Answer 32

Pleurisy

Question 33

inflammatory response of the bronchioles and alveoli to an infective agent, bacterial, fungal, or viral

Answer 33

Pneumonia

Question 34

presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity

Answer 34

Pneumothorax

Question 35

embolic occlusion of pulmonary arteries is a relatively common condition that is very difficult to diagnose

Answer 35

PE

Question 36

develops in preterm infants due to surfactant deficiency

Answer 36

Respiratory distress syndrome

Question 37

sonorous wheezes

Answer 37

Ronchi

Question 38

high-pitched piercing sound heard during inspiration

Answer 38

Stridor

Question 39

lack of rigidity or a floppiness of the trachea or airway

Answer 39

Tracheomalacia

Question 40

chronic infectious disease that most often begins in the lung but may then have widespread manifestations

Answer 40

TB

Question 41

Lung sound: low-pitched, low-intensity sounds heard over healthy tissue

Answer 41

Vesicular

Question 42

spoken word transmitted through the lung fields; usually muffled and indistinct

Answer 42

Vocal resonance

Question 43

continuous, high-pitched musical sound; almost a whistle; heard on inspiration or expiration

Answer 43

Wheeze

Question 44

What is normal respiration rate in adults? in infants?

Answer 44

Adults = 12-20 (there are 4 heart beats to every 1 breath)
Infants = 40-60