Respiratory E2 Flashcards
If a pt reports new SOB, what other present symptoms warrant an immediate medical referral?
- tachypneic,
- diaphoretic, or
- cyanotic
- anaphylaxis is also an emergency
absence of spontaneous respiration
apnea
small airway obstruction due to inflammation and hyperreactive airways
Asthma (reactive airway disease)
incomplete expansion of the lung at birth or the collapse of the lung at any age
Atelectasis
irregular breaths varying in depth and interrupted by intervals of apnea but lacking repetitive pattern, associated with increased intracranial pressure
Biot respirations
chronic dilation of the bronchi or bronchioles cause by repeated pulmonary infections and bronchial obstructions
Bronchiectasis
inflammation of the large airways
Bronchitis
greater clarity and increased loudness of spoken words
Bronchophany
Lung sound: typically moderate in intensity; heard over major bronchi
Bronchovesicular
inflammation leading to hyperinflation of the lungs occurring most often in infants younger than 6 months old
Bronchiolitis
intervals of apnea followed by crescendo/decrescendo sequence of breathing; often associated with dying
Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern
large airway inflammation usually a result of chronic irritation exposure; more commonly a problem for patients older than 40
Chronic bronchitis
nonspecific designation that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema
COPD
acute or chronic respiratory condition involving right-sided heart failure
Cor pulmonale
sudden spasmodic expiration, forcing a sudden opening of the glottis
Cough
abnormal sound, more often heard on inspiration; characterized by discrete discontinuous sounds; rales
Crackles
syndrome that generally results from infection with a variety of viral agents, particularly the parainfluenza viruses occurring most often in children from about 1½ to 3 years of age
Croup
autosomal recessive disorder of exocrine glands involving the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands
CF
result of an imperfectly structured diaphragm
Diaphragmatic hernia
increase of intensity of spoken sound with accompanying nasal sound
epiphany
condition in which the lungs lose elasticity and alveoli enlarge in a way that disrupts function
emphysema
purulent exudative fluid collected in the pleural space
Empyema
acute life-threatening infection involving the epiglottitis and surrounding tissues
Epiglotitis
occurs outside the respiratory tree; dry, crackly, grating, low-pitched sound
pleural friction rub
mediastinal crunch; variety of sound including loud crackles and clicking or gurgling sounds; associated with mediastinal emphysema
Hamman sign
presence of blood in the pleural cavity
hemothorax
viral infection of the lung
influenza
Breathing pattern: deep and usually rapid; associated with metabolic acidosis
Kussmaul
well-defined circumscribed mass defined by inflammation, suppuration, and subsequent central necrosis
Lung abcess
whisper can be clearly heard through the stethoscope; associated with consolidation of lungs
whispered pectoriloquy
excessive nonpurulent fluid in the pleural space
Pleural effusion
inflammatory process involving the visceral and parietal pleura which becomes edematous and fibrinous
Pleurisy
inflammatory response of the bronchioles and alveoli to an infective agent, bacterial, fungal, or viral
Pneumonia
presence of air or gas in the pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
embolic occlusion of pulmonary arteries is a relatively common condition that is very difficult to diagnose
PE
develops in preterm infants due to surfactant deficiency
Respiratory distress syndrome
sonorous wheezes
Ronchi
high-pitched piercing sound heard during inspiration
Stridor
lack of rigidity or a floppiness of the trachea or airway
Tracheomalacia
chronic infectious disease that most often begins in the lung but may then have widespread manifestations
TB
Lung sound: low-pitched, low-intensity sounds heard over healthy tissue
Vesicular
spoken word transmitted through the lung fields; usually muffled and indistinct
Vocal resonance
continuous, high-pitched musical sound; almost a whistle; heard on inspiration or expiration
Wheeze
What is normal respiration rate in adults? in infants?
Adults = 12-20 (there are 4 heart beats to every 1 breath) Infants = 40-60
