Respiratory Drugs Flashcards
Macrolides
treat atypical pneumonia
Tetracyclin
treat atypical pneumonia
Quinolone
treat atypical pneumonia
Salbutamol/Terbutiline
B2 adrenoreceptor agonist, short acting. Bronchodilator used in asthma treatment. SEs tachycardia/palpitations (not specific enough)
Salmetarol/Formetarol
B2 adrenoreceptor agonist, longer acting. Bronchodilator used in asthma treatment. SEs tachycardia/palpitations (not specific enough)
Isoprenaline/Adrenaline
Non-selective beta adrenoreceptor agonist, Bronchodilator used in asthma treatment. SEs: tachycardia/palpitations (not specific enough)
Theophyllin
Xanthine drug, mechanism unclear. Used in asthma w/ steroids if B2 agonists don’t work. SEs: various CVS + CNS effects, metabolised with P450 in liver can interact with other drugs. Oral administration.
Aminophylline
Xanthine drug, mechanism unclear. Used in asthma w/ steroids if B2 agonists don’t work. SEs: various CVS + CNS effects, metabolised with P450 in liver can interact with other drugs. Slow, IV injection followed by infusion.
Ipratropium Bromide
Musc. receptor antagonist, reduces SM tone. Aerosol, reduced mucus. Used in asthma
Tiotropium
Musc. receptor antagonist, reduced SM tone, longer acting, used in COPD.
Zileutin
Cysteinyl Leukotrine Anatgonist. Inhibits 5-lipoxygenase (not used in UK for asthma because of liver damage)
Montelukast
Cysteinyl Leukotrine Anatgonist. inhibits leukotrines –>bronchoconstriction, odeme, inlfamm. + chemoattraction. Used for asthma. SEs: GI upset
Beclometasone/Dipropionate/Budesonide/Fluticasone
Glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive, anti-inflamm. decreased IL-3 ad cytokine production, decreased microvascular permeability, relax bronchial muscle. Inhaled for asthma treament. Local SEs: dysphonea, oropharyngeal candidosa, cough.
Prednisolone/Pednisone
Glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive, anti-inflamm. decreased IL-3 ad cytokine production, decreased microvascular permeability, relax bronchial muscle. Oral asthma treatment. Inactive form, metabolism by liver to active.
Hydrocortisone
Glucocorticoid, immunosuppressive, anti-inflamm. decreased IL-3 ad cytokine production, decreased microvascular permeability, relax bronchial muscle. IV asthma treatment.
Cromoglycate + Nedocromil
Weak, short-acting anti-inflammatory, can be given prophalatically in late phase asthma. Mechanism unclear, maybe reduces mast cell histamine.
Feoxofenadine
Histamine Receptor Antagonist, only in atopic asthma/exercise induced
Cetrizine
Histamine Receptor Antagonist, only in atopic asthma/exercise induced. Non-sedating.
Codeine/Detoxymethorphin
Opiod for cough, act on cough centre act on u-opiod receptors. minimal analgesic action. can be addictive. Used in bronchial carcinoma (painful cough)
Morphine
Opiod for cough, act on cough centre act on u-opiod receptors. minimal analgesic action. can be addictive. Used in palliative care and bronchial carcinoma (painful cough)
Demulcents
Used in bronchial carcinoma, for coughs that occur above the larynx.
Guafenesin
Expectorant, decreases viscoity of bronchial secretions, allowing expulsion. Most common, no adverse effects. Hydration v important.
Iodides
Expectorant, decreases viscoity of bronchial secretions, allowing expulsion. Bas taste, SEs: acne + hypothryoidism. Hydration v important. For coughing
Oxymetalozine/Hydrochloride
Short-term decongestant. Alpha adrenoreceptor agonist->nasal vasoconstrciton->short term relief.
Pseudoepherine
Long-term decongestant. Alpha adrenoreceptor agonist->nasal vasoconstrciton->short term relief. systemic, so more SEs
Ivacaftor
Cystic fibrosis treatment. SEs: pain, diarrhoea, dizziness.
