Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UNRS 113 > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathophysiology of viral rhinitis?

A

The virus invades mucosa of the upper respiratory tract to cause URI (upper respiratory tract infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the parts of the upper respiratory system?

A

Nose
Pharynx
Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the symptoms of viral rhinitis?

A 
Sneezing
Runny nose
Sore throat
Congestion
Coughing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How can viral rhinitis be managed?

A

Combined use of antihistamines, nasal decongestants, antitussives, and expectorants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Do not give OTC cough and cold products to children younger than 2

A

DANGER, DUDES!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some antihistamine drugs?

A

Diphenhydramine - Benadryl

Fexofenadine - Allegra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of action of antihistamines?

A

Blocks histamine from binding to H1 receptor sites, preventing the adverse consequences of histamine binding including runny nose and sneezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the drug effect of antihistamines?

A

Decreased symptoms of rhinitis (runny nose and sneezing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the indications of antihistamines?

A

Nasal allergies
Typical symptoms of the common cold

Allergic reactions
Motion sickness
Vertigo

Sometimes used as sleep aids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the contraindications of antihistamines?

A 
Allergy
Glaucoma
Cardiac disease
Kidney disease
Hypertension
Asthma, COPD
Peptic ulcer disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the adverse effects of antihistamines?

A 
Drowsiness
Anticholinergic effects:
-Dry mouth
-Difficulty urinating
-Constipation
-Changes in vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are nursing implications of antihistamines?

A

Possibility of sedation
Avoid driving or operating heavy machinery while sedated
Avoid alcohol and CNS depressants
Caution in asthma, glaucoma, and benign prostatic hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of antihistamines?

A

First-generation (centrally acting)

Second-generation (peripherally acting)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the differences between the two types of histamines?

A 
First-generation:
-Centrally acting
-More sedating
-Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
Second-generation:
-Peripherally acting
-Less sedating
-Longer duration of action
-Allegra (fexofenadine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is nasal congestion?

A

The blockage of nasal passages due to membranes lining the nose becoming swollen from inflamed blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the primary causes of nasal congestion?

A

Allergic rhinitis

Viral rhinitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are some nasal decongestants?

A

Pseudoephedrine - Sudafed (oral)
Oxymetazoline - Afrin (topical)
Triamicinolone - Nasocort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the main classes of decongestants?

A 
Adrenergic:
-Largest group
-Systemic
-Topical
Glucocorticoids:
-Topical
-Intranasal steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of adrenergic decongestants?

A

Adrenergic/sympathomimetic decongestants stimulate alpha1-adrenergic receptors on nasal blood vessels which causes vasoconstriction and shrinkage of swollen vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the drug effect of adrenergic decongestants?

A

Relief of nasal stuffiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some adrenergic decongestants?

A

Oral - Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Topical - Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the differences between oral and topical adrenergic decongestants?

A 
Oral:
-Prolonged decongestant effects
-Delayed onset
-PRO: No rebound congestion
Topical:
-Prompt onset with potent effect
-CON: Sustained use over several days causes rebound congestion, making condition worse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of steroid decongestants?

A

Steroids exert their antiinflammatory effect and reduces inflammation of swollen nasal passages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the drug effect of steroid decongestants?

A

Decreased inflammation
Decreased congestion
Relief of nasal stuffiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are some steroid decongestants?

A

Nasal spray - Fluticasone (Flonase)

Nasal spray - Triamicinolone (Nasocort)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are indications for nasal decongestants?

A

Rhinitis
Common cold
Sinusitis
Allergies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are contraindications for nasal decongestants?

A 
Allergy
Glaucoma
Uncontrolled cardiovascular disease
Hypertension
Diabetes
Hyperthyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the adverse effects of adrenergic decongestants?

A

Nervousness
Insomnia
Palpitations
Tremor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the adverse effects of steroid decongestants?

A

Mucosal irritation and dryness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are nursing implications for nasal decongestants?

A

Systemic adrenergic decongestants may cause hypertension, palpitations, and CNS stimulation
Patients on medication therapy for hypertension or hyperthyroidism should check with their physician before taking OTC adrenergic decongestants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are antitussives?

A

Drugs used to stop or reduce cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the categories of antitussives?

A

Opioid

Nonopioid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of opioid antitussives?

A

Suppresses the cough reflex by direct action on the cough center in the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the drug effect of opioid antitussives?

A

Suppresses cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are some opioid antitussives?

A

Codeine - Robitussin-AC, Dimetane-DC

Hydrocodone cough syrup - Hycodan

36
Q

What is the mechanism of action of nonopioid antitussives?

A

Suppresses cough reflex by numbing the stretch receptors in the respiratory tract

37
Q

What is the drug effect of nonopioid antitussives?

A

Prevents the cough reflex from being stimulated

38
Q

What are some nonopioid antitussives?

A

Dextromethorphan - Robitussin-DM

Benzonatate - Tessalon, Zonatuss

39
Q

What are the indications for antitussives?

A

Nonproductive cough

40
Q

What is a productive cough?

A

Cough that expels sputum from the respiratory tract

41
Q

What is a nonproductive cough?

A

Dry cough with no sputum production

42
Q

What are the adverse effects of opioid antitussives?

A 
Sedation
Respiratory depression
Lightheadedness
Nausea
Vomiting
Constipation
43
Q

What are the adverse effects of nonopioid antitussives?

A

Dizziness
Drowsiness
Headache

44
Q

What are the contraindications of antitussives?

A

Allergy
Opioid dependency for opioid antitussives
High risk for respiratory depression

45
Q

What are nursing implications for antitussives?

A

Avoid driving or operating heavy equipment

Patients taking chewable tablets or lozenges should not drink or eat for 15 - 30 minutes afterwards

46
Q

What are the differences between opioid and nonopioid antitussives?

A

Opioid:
-Anaglesic effect
-Has drying effect on mucosa of respiratory tract
Nonopioid:
-No analgesic effect
-Does not cause CNS depression
-Numbs stretch receptor cells in respiratory tract

47
Q

What is expectoration?

A

Coughing up and spitting out excessive mucus that has accumulated in the respiratory tract

48
Q

What is the mechanism of action of expectorants?

A

Reflex stimulation, which is the loosening and thinning of respiratory tract secretions
Direct stimulation of secretory glands in respiratory tract

49
Q

What is the drug effect of expectorants?

A

Cold and cough symptom relief

50
Q

What is the indication of expectorants?

A

Productive cough

51
Q

What is the contraindication of expectorants?

A

Allergy

52
Q

What is an example of expectorants?

A

Guaifensin - Mucinex

53
Q

What are the adverse effects of expectorants?

A

Guaifensin (Mucinex) may cause:
Nausea
Vomiting
Gastric irritation

54
Q

What are nursing implications for expectorants?

A

Patients taking expectorants should receive more fluids (if permitted) to help loosen and liquefy secretions
Report a fever, cough, or other symptom lasting longer than a week

55
Q

What is asthma?

A

A chronic respiratory disorder in which there is recurrent and reversible airflow obstruction (bronchoconstriction, inflammation and edema of bronchial mucosa, production of viscid mucus)

56
Q

What causes asthma?

A

Allergen
Cold air
Exercise
Emotional stress

57
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Chest tightness
Coughing

58
Q

Which drugs are used to manage asthma?

A

Bronchodilators
Corticosteroids
Leukotriene receptor antagonists

59
Q

What are the classifications of bronchodilators?

A

Beta-adrenergic agonists
Anticholinergics
Xanthine derivatives

60
Q

What are the types of medication used to manage asthma?

A

Quick relief (rescue medication):
-Short-acting inhaled beta2-agonists (albuterol inhaled)
Long-term control:
-Long-acting beta2-agonists (salmeterol inhaled)
-Inhaled glucocorticoids
-Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA)

61
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

A continuous inflammation and low-grade infection of the bronchi, leading to airflow obstruction
Involves excessive secretion of mucus and certain pathologic changes in bronchial structure

62
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Condition in which air spaces enlarge as a result of the destruction of alveolar walls, which reduces surface area available for oxygen and CO2 exchange, impairing effective respiration

63
Q

What is the mechanism of action of beta2-adrenergic bronchodilators?

A

Stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscles

64
Q

What is the drug effect of beta2-adrenergic bronchodilators?

A

Muscle relaxation

Bronchodilation

65
Q

What are examples of beta2-adrenergic bronchodilators?

A

Short-acting - Albuterol inh (Proventil, Ventolin)

Long-acting - Salmeterol inh (Serevent), Formoterol (Foradil)

66
Q

What is the indication of beta2-adrenergic bronchodilators?

A

Bronchoconstriction

67
Q

What are the adverse effects of beta2-adrenergic bronchodilators?

A 
Insomnia
Restlessness
Tachycardia
Palpitations
Vascular headache
Tremor
68
Q

What are contraindications for beta2-adrenergic bronchodilators?

A

Allergy
Uncontrolled hypertension
Cardiac dysrhythmias
High risk for stroke

69
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anticholinergic bronchodilators?

A

Anticholinergics bind to acetylcholine (ACh) receptors to prevent bronchial constriction and narrowing of airways from occuring

70
Q

What is the drug effect of anticholinergic bronchodilators?

A

Airway relaxation and dilation

71
Q

What are indications of anticholinergic bronchodilators?

A

Bronchocostriction

72
Q

What are examples of anticholinergic bronchodilators?

A

Ipratropium bromide inh - Atrovent

Tiotropium inh - Spiriva

73
Q

What are contraindications of anticholinergic bronchodilators?

A

Allergy (atropine)
Caution:
-Glaucoma
-Prostate enlargement

74
Q

What are the adverse effects of anticholinergic bronchodilators?

A 
Dry mouth/throat
Nasal congestion
Heart palpitations
GI distress
Urinary retention
Glaucoma
Headache
Coughing
Anxiety
75
Q

What is the mechanism of action of inhaled glucocorticosteroids?

A

Stabilizes the membranes of cells that normally release bronchoconstricting substances

76
Q

What is the drug effect of inhaled glucocorticosteroids?

A

Works to continuously decrease inflammation in airways

77
Q

What are the indications for inhaled glucocorticosteroids?

A

Prevent asthma symptoms
Does NOT relieve symptoms of acute asthamtic attacks
Primary treatment of bronchospastic disorders

78
Q

What are examples of inhaled glucocorticosteroids?

A

Fluticasone - Advair

Triamcinolone acetonide - Azmacort

79
Q

What are the contraindications of inhaled glucocorticosteroids?

A

Allergy

Systemic fungal infection

80
Q

What are the adverse effects of inhaled glucocorticosteroids?

A

Pharyngeal irritation
Coughing
Dry mouth
Thrush (oral fungal infection)

81
Q

What are nursing implications for inhaled glucocorticosteroids?

A

Patients should gargle and rinse mouth with lukewarm water after to prevent thrush
Bronchodilator should be used several minutes before corticosteroid if ordered together

82
Q

What is the mechanism of action of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs)?

A

Blocks leukotrienes from attaching to receptors that would cause inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production that results in coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath

83
Q

What is the drug effect of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A

Alleviating asthma symptoms
Reduce inflammation
Prevent constriction of airways
Decrease mucus secretion

84
Q

What are examples of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A

Montelukast - Singulair

Zafirlukast - Accolate

85
Q

What are indications for leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A

Long-term treatment and prevention of asthma

86
Q

What are adverse effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A 
Headache
Nausea
Dizziness
Insomnia
Diarrhea
87
Q

What are nursing implications of leukotriene receptor antagonists?

A

Prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma in adults and children older than 12
Not meant for acute asthmatic attacks
Improvement seen in about 1 week
Take medication every night on a continuous schedule, even if symptoms improve

UNRS 113 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions