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Patho/Pharm II > Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is diphenhydramine used for?

A

Allergic symptoms (rhinitis, itchy/watery eyes, sneezing), motion sickness, and urticaria (hives).

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2
Q

How does diphenhydramine work?

A

Competitively inhibits H1 receptors, reducing the effect of histamine.

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3
Q

What are the side effects of diphenhydramine?

A

Sedation and anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, photosensitivity). Also falls due to sedation.

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4
Q

What is loratadine used for?

A

Allergic symptoms (rhinitis, itchy/watery eyes, sneezing), motion sickness, and urticaria (hives).

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5
Q

How does loratadine work?

A

Competitively inhibits H1 receptors, reducing the effect of histamine.

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6
Q

What is pseudoephedrine used for?

A

Rhinitis (nasal congestion).

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7
Q

How does pseudoephedrine work?

A

Vasoconstriction of respiratory tract mucosa.

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8
Q

What are the side effects of pseudoephedrine?

A

Nervousness, palpitations, weakness, insomnia, rebound congestion.

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9
Q

What is codeine used for?

A

Treats cough.

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10
Q

How does codeine work?

A

Binds to opiate receptors in CNS. Decreases cough reflex.

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11
Q

What are the side effects for codeine?

A

Sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, constipation, GI upset.

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12
Q

What is dextromethorphan used for?

A

Treats cough.

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13
Q

What are the side effects for dextromethorphan?

A

Dizziness. Sedation at high doses.

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14
Q

How does dextromethorphan work?

A

Suppresses the cough reflex in the medulla.

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15
Q

What is acetylcysteine used for?

A

Pulmonary disorders with think mucous secretions (ex. cystic fibrosis). It is also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose.

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16
Q

How does acetylcysteine work?

A

It breaks down molecules in the mucus, causing it to become less viscous.

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17
Q

What are the side effects of acetylcysteine?

A

Bronchospasm, nausea/vomiting, rash?

18
Q

How does guaifenesin work?

A

It reduces the viscosity of secretions (i.e. it thins secretions), making coughs more productive.

19
Q

What is guaifenesin used for?

A

Non-productive cough associated with respiratory infections.

20
Q

What are the side effects for guaifenesin?

A

GI upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), dizziness.

21
Q

How does montelukast work?

A

Decreases the effect of leukotrienes, which reduces airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Take every evening or 2 hours before exercise.

22
Q

What is montelukast used for?

A

Asthma and prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

23
Q

What are the side effects of montelukast?

A

Headache.

24
Q

What is prednisone used for?

A

Wide variety of illnesses: asthma, autoimmune disorders, inflammatory disorders.

25
Q

How does prednisone work?

A

Decreases inflammation and suppresses the immune response.

Monitor for signs of infection. Do not stop suddenly. Avoid NSAIDS. Take vitamin D and calcium supplements.

26
Q

What are the side effects of prednisone?

A

Bone loss, weight gain/fluid retention, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, infection, peptic ulcer disease, adrenal gland suppression, skin fragility, GI upset.

27
Q

What is fluticasone used for?

A

Asthma and rhinitis (nasal congestion).

28
Q

How does fluticasone work?

A

Decreases inflammation locally.

29
Q

What are the side effects of fluticasone?

A

Headache, pharyngitis, (sore throat), candidiasis (fungal infection).

30
Q

What is beclomethasone used for?

A

Asthma and rhinitis (nasal congestion).

31
Q

How does beclomethasone work?

A

Decreases inflammation locally. (Rinse mouth with water after administration).

32
Q

What are the side effects of beclomethasone?

A

Headache, pharyngitis, (sore throat), candidiasis (fungal infection).

33
Q

What is albuterol used for?

A

Asthma, COPD; use alone or in combination with a glucocorticoid or an anticholinergic (ex: ipratropium)

34
Q

How does albuterol work?

A

It binds to beta2 receptors in the airway sooth muscle, causing bronchodilation.

35
Q

What are the side effects of albuterol?

A

Chest pain, palpitations, tremors, nervousness.

36
Q

What is ipratropium bromide used for?

A

COPD (chronic bronchitis, emphysema), rhinitis (nasal congestion), asthma, (off-label). Use alone or in combination with albuterol.

37
Q

How does ipratropium bromide work?

A

Works by blocking ACh receptors in airway smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation.

38
Q

What are the side effects of ipratropium bromide?

A

Dry mouth, bitter taste, throat/nasal irritation. (Increase fluids. Suck on 🍬 for dry mouth. Ipratropium/albuterol is contraindicated with for patients with a peanut allergy.

39
Q

What is theophylline used for?

A

Long-term control of asthma, COPD, (chronic bronchitis, emphysema).

40
Q

How does theophylline work?

A

Increases cAMP, resulting in bronchodilation.

41
Q

What are the side effects of theophylline?

A

GI upset, headache, nervousness, dysrhythmias, and seizures .

Patho/Pharm II (1 decks)

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