Respiratory DOTs Assignment

Question 1

Crackles

Answer 1

Abnormal respiratory sound heard more often during inspiration and characterized by discrete discontinuous sounds

Question 2

Fine Crackles

Answer 2

High-pitched and relatively short in duration

Question 3

Course Crackles

Answer 3

Low- pitched and relatively longer in duration

Question 4

Crackles

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 4

1. ) Pneumonia
2. ) Fibrosis
3. ) Early heart failure
4. ) Bronchitis
5. ) Bronchiectasis

Question 5

Ronchi

Answer 5

Deeper, more rumbling, more pronounced during expiration, more likely to be prolonged and continuous and less discrete than crackles

Question 6

Ronchi

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 6

1. ) Chronic Bronchitis

2. ) COPD

Question 7

Wheezes

Answer 7

Continuous, high-pitched, musical sound (almost a whistle) heard during inspiration or expiration

Question 8

Wheezes

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 8

1. ) Asthma
2. ) COPD
3. ) Chronic bronchitis
4. ) Heart Failure

Question 9

Pleural Friction Rub

Answer 9

Dry, crackly, grating, low pitched sound and is heard in both inspiration and expiration

Question 10

Pleural Friction Rub

Differential Diagnosis

Answer 10

1. ) Pleural Effusion

2. ) Pneumothorax

Question 11

Bronchial Breath Sounds

Answer 11

• Louder and higher in pitch and intensity
• Heard over the manubrium
• They are caused by air flowing through tissue that has no alveolar component to the sound

Question 12

Bronchovesicular Breath Sounds

Answer 12

• Heard normally over the upper parasternal lines anteriorly and the upper parasternal lines posteriorly.
• These sounds are produced in locations that have a composite of alveolar and bronchial tissues contributing to the sound
• Intermediate intensity and pitch
• Usually heard over the 1st and 2nd interspaces

Question 13

Vesicular Breath Sounds

Answer 13

• Heard normally over the peripheral parts of the lungs
• These sounds are caused by air flowing into those areas of lung tissue containing predominately alveolar tissue
• Soft and low pitched sounds heard

Question 14

Tracheal Breath Sounds

Answer 14

• Heard normally over the trachea in the neck

* Very loud and high pitched breath sounds

Question 15

Eupnea

Answer 15

Normal, unlabored breathing

Question 16

Apnea

Answer 16

Cessation of breathing for more than 20 seconds

Question 17

Cheyne-Stokes

Answer 17

Periods of deep breathing alternating with periods of apnea

Question 18

Biot’s Respirations

Answer 18

Ataxic breathing that is characterized by unpredictable irregularity

Question 19

Tachypnea

Answer 19

Rapid-shallow breathing

Question 20

Bradypnea

Answer 20

Slow breathing

Question 21

Hypoventilation

Answer 21

Shallow, slow breathing

Question 22

Hyperventilation

Answer 22

Rapid, shallow breathing

Question 23

Pectus Excavatum

Answer 23

patient’s sternum is more posterior than the anterior ribs

Question 24

Pectus Carinatum

Answer 24

patient’s sternum is more anterior than the anterior ribs

Question 25

Respiratory Distress

Infants

Answer 25

• Rapid, shallow breathing
• Flaring of nostrils
• Grunting
• Periods of apnea
• Cyanosis
• Decreased urine output
• Retractions

Question 26

Respiratory Distress

Children

Answer 26

• Cyanosis
• Increased breathing rate
• Retractions
• Nasal flaring
• Grunting
• Wheezing
• Cough
• Fever
• Clammy skin
• Mental status

Question 27

Respiratory Distress

Adults

Answer 27

• Labored and rapid breathing
• Muscle Fatigue and weakness
• Low blood pressure
• Cyanosis
• Dry hacking cough
• Fever/Headache
• Tachycardia
• Mental confusion

Question 28

Proper method/order of lung auscultation

Answer 28

Examiner should stand at the side of the patient to place an arm across the pt.’s upper back. Begin auscultation in the supraclavicular areas, moving the stethoscope from side to side to symmetrical areas. Listen to 2 full breaths at each area. Move in a stair-step fashion and compare breath sounds in symmetrical areas.