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Ruminant medicine > Respiratory diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Functional anatomy of cattle

A
  1. Well demarcated lung lobes, distinct lobulation
  2. Small alveolar surface area
  3. Extensive lymphatic drainage-pleural effusion rare
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2
Q

Clinical Signs URT dz cattle

A
  1. Inspiratory dyspnea: stridor/stertor
  2. Open-mouthed breathing, tongue protrusion
  3. Head extension
  4. +/- nasal d/c (watch out for lickers)
  5. +/- lymphadenopathy
  6. +/- cough
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3
Q

Upper respiratory tract dzs to know

A
  1. Allergic rhinitis
  2. Pharyngeal trauma
  3. Calf diphtheria
    - Oral necrobacillosis
    - Necrotic laryngitis
  4. Sinusitis
  5. Tracheal edema syndrome
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4
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

AKA: summer snuffles, chronic granular rhinitis

  • Type 1 hypersensitivity w/ pruritis
  • Commonly not treated, can do topical corticosteroids
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5
Q

Mycotic nasal granulomas

A
  • Rhinosporidium most common etiologic cause
  • These usually ulcerative, so can have epistaxis
  • Sodium iodide treatment
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6
Q

Pharyngeal trauma

A

AKA phlegmon

  • Grass awns, iatrogenic
  • Won’t want to swallow
  • Diagnosis with the hand in mouth, can lance abscesses at the same time
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7
Q

Common etiologic agents in oral trauma infections

A
  1. Truperella pyogenes - smells necrotic
  2. Actinobacillus spp.
  3. Pasteurella spp.
  4. Bordetella spp.
  5. Fusobacterium necrophorum - anaerobic situations
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8
Q

Calf diphtheria

A 
Two kinds
-necrotic laryngitis
-oral necrobacillosis
Pathophys involves mucosal injury
Diagnosis easy - young calf, not adult
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9
Q

Sinusitis

A

Dehorning, tooth root abcess, other

DX: percussion, trefination/aspiration

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10
Q

Tracheal edema syndrome

A

Two forms
-Acute dyspnea form
-Chronic cough form
Pathogenesis unknown, tx ush not effective

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11
Q

Viral respiratory disease

A
  1. BHV1*-Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
  2. BRSV*-Bovine respiratory syncytial virus
  3. BVDV-bovine viral diarrhea virus
  4. PIV-3-Parainfluenza virus type 3
  5. BCoV*-Coronavirus
  6. BHV-4; MCF (OHV2, AHV1)*-adenovirus; rhinovirus; reovirus; enterovirus
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12
Q

Viral respiratory diseases dairy cattle

A

enzootic pneumonia calves up to 6mo

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13
Q

Viral respiratory disease beef cattle

A

More common after arrival at feedlots > 6mo

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14
Q

Immunosuppression of viral resp dz

A
  1. Nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissues
  2. Ciliated tracheobronchial epithelial cells
  3. T-lymphocytes
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15
Q

Viral resp paths and synergism with Mannheimia haemolytica

A
  1. BHV1
  2. BRSV
  3. PI3
  4. BVDV
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16
Q

Bovine Herpesviruses

A
  1. BoHV-1
    - 1.1 - infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
    - 1.2- Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis and balanoposthitis
  2. BoHV-2: Bovine herpes mammillitis
  3. BoHV-3: Bovine cytomegalovirus
  4. BoHV-4: Mild resp dz; Mammary pustular dermatitis
  5. BoHV-5: Neurological dz in calves
17
Q

IBR

A

Florid conjunctivitis without ulceration
Hyperemia of muzzle=rednose
Viremia - risk abortion

18
Q

BRSV

A
  • Fuses epithelia cell into syncytia-lots of cytoplasm and multi-nucleated
  • Risk for enzootic pneumonia
19
Q

Parainfluenza virus type 3

A
  • Ubiquitous, but mild

- Least likely to cause disease

20
Q

BVDV

A
  • Contact with a PI calf

- Oral/tracheal ulcers can resemble mild IBR

21
Q

Bovine Coronavirus

A
  • Emerging resp viral strain
  • Predisposes to shipping fever
  • NO VACCINE
22
Q

Lower respiratory tract dieseases

A 
Bronchopneumonia
-enzootic calf pneumonia
-shipping fever complex
-sporadic occurrence in dairy cows
Metastatic Pneumonia
-Vena caval thrombosis
Interstitial Pneumonia
-Acute resp distress syndrome
-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
-Chronic interstitial pneumonia
-Parasitic pneumonia
23
Q

Bovine Bronchopneumonia (Respiratory dz complex)

A 
Bad environment
\+
Viral infections 
\+
Stress
=> Impaired pulmonary defense mechanisms
=> Colonization by bacterial pathogens
=> Bacterial bronchopneumonia
24
Q

Enzootic Calf Pneumonia

A

-Intensively raised
-2 weeks to 5 mo
-Failure passive transfer
-Environmental factors
-Nutritional deficiencies
Pasteurella multocida most imp
Resp distress and otitis media

25
Q

Shipping fever complex

A
  • Most common cause morbidity and mortality in feedlot cattle
  • $1 billion annual cost in US
  • Mannhemian haemolytica A1 most imp bact comp
26
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica

A

LPS
Leukotoxin
-cytolysis of platelets, lymphocytes, macrophages and neuts
Necrosis of pulmonary tissue
Fibrinopurulent/Fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia

27
Q

Pasteurella Multocida

A

Gram-megatove aerobic

Purulent bronchopneumonia with PLUM colored consolidation

Ruminant medicine (1 decks)

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