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Small Animal > Respiratory Diseases > Flashcards

Respiratory Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Describe clinical signs of URT disease

A

Ocular discharge
Nasal discharge (mucoid, mucopurulent, blood)
Cough
Systemic signs - pyrexia, depression, lethargy, inappetence

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2
Q

Describe clinical signs of LRT disease

A

Cough
Dyspnoea/tachypnoea
Systemic signs - pyrexia, depression, lethargy, inappetence

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3
Q

List differentials for acute coughing in dogs

A

Kennel cough (tracheobronchitis)
Irritation - smoke, dust, chemicals
Airway FB
Pulmonary haemorrhage
Acute pneumonia
Acute oedema
Airway trauma

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4
Q

List differentials for chronic coughing in dogs

A

Chronic bronchitis
LS heart failure
Lungworm (Oslerus/Aelurostrongylus)
Tracheal collapse
Airway FB
Bronchopneumonia
Neoplasia
Eosinophilic disease

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5
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Kennel Cough/CIRD

A

A - Low pathogenicity virus (CPiV, CRCoV, CAV-2) allows invasion of 2ndary infection (mycoplasma, Pasteurella)
CS - honking cough, submandibular lymphadenopathy, ocular/nasal discharge
D - PCR, paired serology, conjunctival swab for distemper
T - symptomatic control, steroids for cough, NSAIDS, AB only if needed
P - environmental hygiene, dog-dog contact, fomite transmission, vaccine

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6
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, treatment and prevention of canine parainfluenza virus

A

A - enveloped RNA virus
CS - URT only
T - supportive therapy, none if BAR and no pyrexia, NSAIDS, if v sick doxycycline
P - vaccine

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7
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, treatment and prevention of canine adenovirus

A

A - non enveloped DNA virus
CS - infectious hepatitis, respiratory signs
T - fluid therapy, nutritional support, address coagulopathy, limit 2ndary bacterial infection with ABs
P - part of core vaccines

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8
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Bordatella Bronchiseptica

A

A - primary or secondary
CS - nasal infection to bronchopneumonia
D - PCR or culture
T - supportive therapy, AB (doxycycline), NSAIDS
P - vaccine

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9
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, treatment, prevention and prognosis of canine distemper virus

A

A - zoonotic, enveloped RNA, shed in all body fluid
CS - bronchopneumonia, purulent ocular/nasal discharge, weight loss, hemorrhagic V+D+, neuro signs, hyperkeratosis
T - IVFT, prevent 2ndary infections
P - core vaccine
Pg - no cure, poor prognosis, consider PTS

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10
Q

Clinical signs, diagnosis and prevention of canine influenza virus

A

CS - cough, purulent nasal discharge, systemically unwell (pyrexia, pneumonia)
D - rule out other reps diseases, immunofluorescence and ELISA, PCR
P - vaccine

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11
Q

Clinical signs, and diagnosis of strep equi in dogs

A

CS - pyrexia, bloody nasal discharge, haematemesis
D - gram stained smears

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12
Q

Aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of cat flu

A

A - FHV, FCV, C felis, B bronchiseptica, M felis
D - viral isolation, PCR
T - Supportive, symptomatic, nutritional support
P - Hygiene, ventilation, vaccine

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13
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of feline herpes virus

A

A - enveloped DNA virus, lifelong
CS - conjunctivitis, URT signs, corneal ulcers
D - Hx and clinical signs, conjunctival swab for PCR
T - nursing, broad spec AB to prevent 2ndary infection, antivirals
P - vaccine

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14
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, treatment and prevention of feline chronic rhinitis

A

A - sequel to cat flu (herpesvirus 1 => chronic inflammation => destructive rhinitis)
CS - nasal discharge, inflammation/swelling of conchae
T - AB therapy, decongestants, antiviral

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15
Q

What do we NOT treat feline nasal polyps with

A

Antivirals

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16
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of feline calicivirus

A

A - RNA virus, fomite spread
CS - flu signs, tongue ulcers, ‘floppy kittens’, polyarthritis, gingivostomatitis
D - presumptive on hx and CS, PCR from oropharyngeal swab
T - AB to cover 2ndary infections
P - vaccine

17
Q

Differential diagnoses for feline calicivirus

A

FHV
Feline rhinotracheitis
Bordatella bronchiseptica
Chlamydophila felis

18
Q

What condition is associated with feline calicivirus, how do we treat it

A

Feline chronic gingivitis stomatitis
T - dental, full mouth extractions, ABs, steroids

19
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of Chlamydophila felis

A

A - intracellular bacteria like organism
CS - unilateral => bilateral conjunctivitis, chemosis, mild URT signs
D - PCR
T - systemic ABs (doxycycline or amoxyclav)

20
Q

List differentials for nasal disease in cats/dogs

A

FB
Neoplasia
Fungal dx
Rhinitis
Dental dx

21
Q

List some differentials for feline chronic nasal disease

A

Tumours
FBs
Rhinitis
Polyps
Other

22
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of fungal rhinitis

A

A - Aspergillus fumigatus
CS - mucopurulent-bloody nasal discharge, pain on palpation, sneezing, facial deformity, neurological signs
D - imaging, rhinoscopy (white plaques)
T - topical antifungals (enilconazole)

23
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of solar dermatitis in cats

A

A - squamous cell carcinoma
CS - flat, firm, ulcerated lesions
D - biopsy for histopathology
T - photodynamic therapy, immunomodulators
P - suncream

24
Q

List some nasal cavity neoplasias in dogs vs cats

A

Dogs - carcinomas, lymphoma, SCC, fibrosarcoma
Cats - adenocarcinoma, lymphoma

25
Q

Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of nasal cavity neoplasias

A

D - MRI/CT, rhinoscopy and biopsy
T - radiotherapy +/- chemo +/- NSAIDS or surgery
P - guarded

26
Q

List the main clinical sign of pharyngeal disease and list some differentials

A

CS - Dysphagia
Ddx - FB, tumour, polyps (cats), BOAS

27
Q

List some tumours which affect the larynx and trachea in cats vs dogs

A

Cats - laryngeal lymphoma
Dogs - oncocytoma/rhabdomyosarcoma, tracheal cartilaginous tumours, OSA, fibrosarcoma, SCC

28
Q

List some differentials for cyanosis

A

Circulatory cause - valve degeneration, pericardial effusion, IMHA, shock, heart muscle deterioration
Respiratory cause - laryngeal paralysis, tracheal collapse, pneumonia, asthma, lung parasites, some inhalation

29
Q

List some differentials for ‘difficulty breathing’

A

URT obstruction
Loss of thoracic capacity
Pulmonary parenchymal dx
Anaemia
Acidosis
Heat stroke

30
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, and diagnosis of pleural space disease

A

A - pleural effusion, pneumothorax, soft tissue mass
CS - restrictive breathing pattern, tachypnoea, open mouth breathing, dyspnoea, cyanosis
D - CE

31
Q

Clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of pleural effusions

A

CS - muffled heart/lung sounds, increased dullness on percussion
D - CE, imaging, thoracocentesis
T - O2 supplement, US, thoracocentesis, treat primary cause

32
Q

Differentials for pleural effusion

A

Decreased absorption of fluid: Obstruction of lymphatics, RS heart failure, hypoalbuminaemia
Increased production of fluid: inflammation, CHF, disruption of thoracic duct

33
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax

A

A - Loss of -ve pressure in pleural space
CS - dyspnoea, restrictive breathing, dull lung sounds, V+
D - thoracic X-rays, US
T - O2, drain

34
Q

Differentials for pneumothorax

A

Rupture of airways
Thoracic trauma
Iatrogenic
Gas producing bacterial infection in pleura

35
Q

List some differentials for mediastinal disease

A

Tumours
Cystic lesions
Enlarged LNs
Haematomas

36
Q

Signalment, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of mediastinal lymphoma

A

S - Young cats, siamese cats, dogs with multi centric lymphoma
CS - tachypnoea, dull heart sounds, pleural effusions
D - cytology
T - chemo +/- radiotherapy
P - good remission rate

37
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of thymomas

A

A - epithelial tumour infiltrated with lymphocytes
CS - resp distress, cranial caval syndrome, megaoesophagus
D - thoracic radiographs, FNA
T - surgical resection
P - good if resected, poor if invasive

38
Q

Aetiology, clinical signs, and diagnosis of cranial caval syndrome

A

A - CVC obstructed => venous return from head restricted, can be due to worms
CS - Pale MM, prolonged CRT, weak femoral pulse, R-sided systolic murmur
D - haem, biochem, urinalysis, radiography, US

39
Q
A

Small Animal (1 decks)

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