Respiratory Disease Unit PFT/Radiography

Question 1

What are four substances that have four different densities?

Answer 1

Air, Fat, Bone, Water

Question 2

Fluoroscopy is also referred to as what?

Answer 2

Sniff Test

Question 3

What is used to diagnose COPD?

Answer 3

X-ray

Question 4

What is used to diagnose a bleb?

Answer 4

CT

Question 5

What is commonly used to diagnose lung cancer?

Answer 5

CT

Question 6

What things need to be looked at on an X-ray?

Answer 6

Tracheal displacement, Heart size, Hilar or mediastinal lesions, Lungs, Bones, soft tissue, ID tubes, lines

Question 7

At what level should inspiration be at when Xray is taken?

Answer 7

Diaphragmatic domes should be at 9th to 11th level of ribs.

Question 8

How do you determine if patient is in the correct position?

Answer 8

Are the clavicles lined up?

Question 9

How do you know if the film is over-exposed?

Answer 9

Heart/lungs are more radiolucent?

Question 10

How do you know if the heart/lungs are under-exposed?

Answer 10

More opaque

Question 11

To verify normal exposure, what point do the vertebrae need to be visible?

Answer 11

5th or 6th level

Question 12

What is considered a normal heart size on xray?

Answer 12

no more than 1/2 width of thoracic cavity

Question 13

Before you can interpret a film, what needs to be done?

Answer 13

Correct date, time and patient. Identify pt. position, and look for any rotation.

Question 14

Computed tomography is used to evaluate?

Answer 14

Lung infection/pleura, bronchiectasis, blebs, lung cancer

Question 15

Other types of radiographic techniques?

Answer 15

CT, PET, MRI, V/Q, fluoroscopy, bronchography

Question 16

What is Opacity?

Answer 16

White

Question 17

What is radiodensity mean?

Answer 17

Ability to stop or reduce passage of xray beams. Bones display as white.

Question 18

What is radiolucency?

Answer 18

produces dark images on xray

Question 19

What is translucent?

Answer 19

transmitting light but not diffusing it so that objects beyond are not clear.

Question 20

What do you need to know about shifting and Atelectasis?

Answer 20

towards the abnormal - goes left or up.

Question 21

What is bronchography?

Answer 21

tubular outline of an airway made visible by filling of the surrounding alveoli by fluid or inflamm. exudates.

Question 22

What is honey combing?

Answer 22

clustered cystic air space - pulm fibrosis

Question 23

What is a bleb or bulla?

Answer 23

blister filled with air or fluid

Question 24

What is consolidation?

Answer 24

a mass that has solidified

Question 25

What are the 3 components to PFT?

Answer 25

measure airway mechanics, measure lung volumes/capacity, measure diffusion capacity of lung

Question 26

What is the most important factor to influence lung size?

Answer 26

Height

Question 27

FEV1/FVC less than 70% indicates what?

Answer 27

Obstructive lung disease

Question 28

True or False? Obstructed lung disease has reduced volumes?

Answer 28

FALSE

Question 29

What does Obstructive lung disorder mean?

Answer 29

the flow is obstructed on expiration; the gas that enters the alveoli cannot leave the alveoli during expiration.

Question 30

What factors increase in obstructed lungs

Answer 30

Residual volume, total lung capacity, functional residual volume, tidal volume

Question 31

What factors DECREASE in obstructed lungs

Answer 31

IRV, ERV, and VC

Question 32

Diseases that are obstructed are:

Answer 32

chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema

Question 33

What factors decrease in restricted lungs?

Answer 33

All of it

Question 34

What remains normal in restricted lungs?

Answer 34

Residual volume and TLC - they all go down but in a uniform fashion.

Question 35

Restrictive lung diseases are:

Answer 35

pneumothorax, pul. edema, TB, flail chest, pleural effusion

Question 36

What does restricted lung disease mean?

Answer 36

the volume is restricted, increased lung rigidity, decreased lung compliance

Question 37

What are nomograms? Why are they beneficial?

Answer 37

rapidly determine normals for spirometry; height/weight chart, BMI

Question 38

PFT does what?

Answer 38

Determine functional status of the lungs

Question 39

This measurement is used to determine the integrity of the alveolar capillary membrane?

Answer 39

DLCO

Question 40

FEV1 does what?

Answer 40

determines obstructive flows

Question 41

The NIF measurement assesses this muscle?

Answer 41

Diaphragm

Question 42

FRC

Answer 42

it is the resting volume in the lungs after exhalation of tidal (normal) breath

Question 43

What is Vt

Answer 43

The amount of gas that is in a breath cycle

Question 44

What is RV?

Answer 44

The gas that cannot be exhaled after normal exhale; it always stays in there - no direct measurement.

Question 45

500 ml

Answer 45

Tidal Volume

Question 46

5800 ml

Answer 46

Total Lung Capacity

Question 47

Vital Capacity?

Answer 47

volume of air that can be exhaled after a max. inspiration (they should call it expiratory capacity.

Question 48

4600

Answer 48

VC

Question 49

IC?

Answer 49

volume of air that can be inhaled after a maximal inspiration

Question 50

3500 ml

Answer 50

IC

Question 51

Total lung capacity has what components in it?

Answer 51

RV, IC, Vt, ERC

Question 52

The VC is what components?

Answer 52

ERV, Vt, IC

Question 53

FRC is what components

Answer 53

RV, ERV

Question 54

To be normal this difference can exist in FVC and VC

Answer 54

200 ml

Question 55

TET time for FVC...what is normal?

Answer 55

4-6 sec.

Question 56

What is FVC

Answer 56

total volume of gas that can be exhaled as forcefully and rapidly as possible after max. inspiration.

Question 57

What is normal FEV1

Answer 57

anything over 80%

Question 58

What is ERV?

Answer 58

volume of air that can be forcefully exhaled after normal breath.

Question 59

1100

Answer 59

ERV

Question 60

What is IRV?

Answer 60

volume of air that can be forcefully inspired after normal breath.

Question 61

3000 ml

Answer 61

IRV

Question 62

Factors that increase lung capacity?

Answer 62

Exercise, CHF

Question 63

The size of residual volume is?

Answer 63

1200 ml

Question 64

VC size?

Answer 64

4600 ml

Question 65

TLC size?

Answer 65

5800 ml

Question 66

Residual Volume can be directly measured. True or False?

Answer 66

FALSE

Question 67

What can be used to measure RV?

Answer 67

body plethysmography, helium dilution, N2 washout

Question 68

This lung volume is moved out and in during a normal breath cycle?

Answer 68

Vt (Tidal Volume)

Question 69

What is functional residual volume?

Answer 69

the lung volume at rest after normal exhalation.

Question 70

What components make up FRV?

Answer 70

ERV and RV

Question 71

2300 ml

Answer 71

FRC

Question 72

Why is the FVC decreased in Restrictive lung disorders?

Answer 72

patient cannot fully expand the lungs

Question 73

Would the TET be increased or decreased in restrictive diseases?

Answer 73

Normal or DECREASED, because of high lung elasticity.

Question 74

Restricted volumes have reduced flow? Yes, or NO

Answer 74

NO

Question 75

What is air trapping?

Answer 75

when the alveoli become over-distended with gas