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Respiratory Medicine > Respiratory Disease > Flashcards

Respiratory Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 components of respiratory system

A

Ventillation and gas exchange

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2
Q

What is ventillation

A

Transport of gas to the alveoli

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3
Q

What muscles are used in times of stress for ventillation

A

Accessory muscles

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4
Q

What will inadequate ventillation affect

A

O2 and CO2 levels

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5
Q

When adequate ventilation is achieved what is the limiting factor

A

The ability to get O2 in and CO2 out of the blood

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6
Q

What happens with failure of gas exchange

A

thickening of alveolar wall making diffusion hard
Inadequate no. of alveoli
V-Q mismatch

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7
Q

What is V-Q mismatch

A

Mismatch between where the air goes to in the lungs and where the blood goes to in the lungs

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8
Q

What is type 1 Resp. failure

A

Inadequte diffusion of O2 in the blood and inadequate diffusion of CO2 out of the blood

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9
Q

Name respiratory symptoms

A

Cough
Wheeze
Stridor
Dysponea

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10
Q

Name ventillation diseases

A

Asthma, COPD, Bronchiectasis

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11
Q

What is Bronchiectasis

A

a long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become abnormally widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection

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12
Q

Name gas exchange diseases

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, Ventillation perfusion mismatch, COPD(emphysema)

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13
Q

What is emphsema

A

a lung condition that causes breathing difficulties in which the walls of the alveolis are damaged

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14
Q

Name respiratory inestigations

A

Sputum investigation
CXR(chest radiograph)
CT scan
Bronchscopy

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15
Q

What are the 3 ways to administer respiratory drugs

A

Orally, inhalation, intravenous

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of bronchodilators

A

B2 agonist, anticholingerics

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17
Q

What are the anti inflam. respiratory drugs

A

Corticosteroids

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18
Q

what drugs impair ventallation

A

B blockers and respiratory depressants

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19
Q

what drug improves gas exchange

A

O2

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20
Q

What are the 2 types of B agonists

A

Short and long acting

21
Q

name 2 short acting B agonists and the colour of the inhaler

A

Sulbutamol, Terbutaline and its a blue inhaler

22
Q

Name a long acting B agonist and the colour of inhaler

A

salmetrol and its a green inhaler

23
Q

What is the difference in onset times and how long they last between short and long acting B agonists

A

Short, 2-3 mins onset and lasts 4-6hrs

Long, 1-2 hrs onset and lasts 12-15hrs

24
Q

What is the route of admin for short and long acting B agonists

A

Short, Oral/Inhaled/intravenous

Long, Inhaled

25
Q

What are long acting B agonists used for

A

To PREVENT acute bronchial constriction

26
Q

What are short acting B agonists used for

A

To TREAT acute bronchial constriction

27
Q

What is reccomended to always use with long acting B agonists

A

Inhaled steroid

28
Q

What are anticholinergics and there method of action

A

They are bronchodilators that inhibit muscarinic nerve transmission in autonomic nerves and are effective in reducing mucous secretion

29
Q

Name a anticholinergic and the colour of inhaler

A

Ipratropium and its grey

30
Q

How do corticosteroids work

A

They reduce inflam. in the bronchial walls

31
Q

Name corticosteroids and the colour of the inhaler

A

Beclomathasone, brown
Budesonide, brown
Fluticosone, orange
Mometasone, pink

32
Q

name 3 combinations of inhaled steroid and long acting BA

A

seretide
Fostair
Symbicort

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of oral steroids

A

Immnosuppression of oral cavity
Get fat
Adrenal suppresion
Osteoporosis

34
Q

What is asthma

A

Reversible airway obstruction

35
Q

How many adults and children have asthma

A

adults 2-5%, children 5-10%

36
Q

How does asthma occur

A
  1. Allergen tiggers IgE production
  2. This causes T and B cells interaction which causes mast cell degranulation
  3. The degranulation leads to the narrowing of the airways, odema and mucous secretion
37
Q

What are the 3 main features of asthma

A

Bronchial smooth muscle constriction, Bronchial mucosal oedema and excess mucous secretion

38
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

COUGH, wheeze, shortness of breath, Difficult breathing out, diurnal dilation

39
Q

What is PEFR and what does it track

A

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate and it tracks airway resistance

40
Q

Triggers of asthma?

A

unknown, Infection, cold air, enviromental

41
Q

What is the best drug for treating asthma

A

Corticosteroids

42
Q

Why always take corticosteroids with Long acting Beta agonists

A

Long acting beta agonists should always be taken in conjunction with an inhaled corticosteroid- if it is not, then there is increased risk of acute coronary syndrome

43
Q

In asthma what is the role of a beta agonist

A

It is mainly used as a PROTECTIVE drug against stimuli

44
Q

What is the use of short and long acting Beta agonists in asthma

A

Short-reliever drug

Long- preventer drug

45
Q

For asthma when should a patient start taking low dose corticosteroids

A

When taking a short acting beta agonist >3 times a week

46
Q

When should a patient with asthma move onto a high dose corticosteroid

A

When the symptoms don’t leveate or get worse even still with a low dose corticosteroid and short acting B agonist

47
Q

What is the purple inhaler

A

Seretide and its a combo of a corticosteroid and LA BA, (fluticasone/salmeterol)

48
Q

When should a prurple inhaler be used

A

When the asthma symptoms are getting worse even when on a LD inhaled steroid

49
Q

What is the indication of a patient with severe asthma

A

If they have ever been hospitalised or had any oral steroids

Respiratory Medicine (1 decks)

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