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315 Nursing Support > Respiratory Disease > Flashcards

Respiratory Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

When does Acute respiratory disease occur?

What can this cause?

A

When any part of the normal respiratory is interrupted or fails to function adequately. This leads to the failure of 02 being transferred to the circulation and of carbon dioxide being eliminated.

Hypoxia and hypercapnia

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2
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute respiratory disease?

A 
Tachypnoea, orthopnoea, dyspnoea 
Mouth breathing 
Cyanosis
Tachycardia 
Collapse
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3
Q

What can cause acute respiratory disease?

A 
Ruptured diaphragm
Pneumothorax, haemothorax, pyothorax, chylothorax 
Neoplasia 
Infections
Pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary haemorrhage 
Paraquat poisoning
GDV
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4
Q

Nursing care of acute respiratory disease?

A

Is a life threatening emergency

The VN needs to:

  • inform VS
  • set up and administrator 02
  • do not stress the patient
  • remove tight collar and leads
  • close monitoring - rates, BP, spo2 if possible
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5
Q

What causes chronic pulmonary disease?

A 
Bronchitis 
Pneumonia 
Pulmonary oedema 
Feline asthma
Lungworm
Neoplasia 
Pulmonary haemorrhage
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6
Q

Clinical signs of chronic pulmonary disease?

A 
Coughing
Wheezing
Tachycardia 
Exercise intolerance 
Debility
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7
Q

How is chronic pulmonary disease diagnosed?

A 
History
Clinical examination 
Blood test
X-rays
Bronchoscope 
Faecal analysis -lungworm
Bronchoalveolar lovage
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8
Q

Define sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of one or more sinuses

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9
Q

Define rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of the nasal lining

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10
Q

Define epistaxis?

A

Bleeding from the nose

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11
Q

Define laryngitis ?

A

Inflammation of the larynx

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12
Q

Define tracheitis ?

A

Inflammation of the trachea

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13
Q

define darcyocytitis?

A

Is infection/inflammation of the lacrimal sac - normally secondary to obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct

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14
Q

Define pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of the pharynx - causes a sore throat

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15
Q

Define serous

A

Is any body fluid that resembles serum - normally pale yellow or transparent

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16
Q

Define mucoid

A

Mucus

17
Q

Define mucopurulent

A

Fluid containing mucus and pus

18
Q

What can cause nasal discharge?

A

Viral, bacteria, fungal infections
Allergies
Neoplasia
FB

19
Q

Common causes of epistaxis?

A

Trauma
Tumours
Coagulopathies

20
Q

Name some common disorders/illnesses/problems that can cause nasal discharge in dogs?

A 
Distemper
KC complex
Aspergilus spp- a fungus that causes aspergillosis 
FB
Neoplasia
21
Q

Name some common disorders/illnesses/problems that can cause nasal discharge in cats?

A 
Feline upper respiratory disease 
Chlamydophila 
FB
Neoplasia 
Trauma
22
Q

How do you diagnose and treat nasal disease?

A 
History and clinical examination
Blood tests - haematology, biochemistry and clotting profiles And serology - if pathogens suspected 
X-rays of nasal chambers and thorax 
Rhinoscopy 
MRI or CT scan
Bacterial or fungal culture 
Nasal flush for cytology 
Nasal biopsy and histopathology

Treatment depends on causal factor i.e support treatment for viral infection, antibiotic for bacterial infection, anti-fungal treatment.

23
Q

How should nasal disease be nursed?

A

Isolate and barrier nurse infectious cases even if poss
Monitor vitals
Keep patient clean, bathe away discharge and groom as necessary. Prevent excoriation around orifices by the use of petroleum.
Encourage patients to eat by feeding highly palatable, strong smelling food.
Humidify the air

24
Q

Explain laryngeal disease and causes

A

Laryngeal disease includes laryngitis, laryngeal paralysis, oedema and trauma. Causes include persistent barking in dogs and respiratory tract infections in dogs and cats.

25
Q

Clinical signs of laryngeal disease?
How is it diagnosed?
How is it treated?

A

Dysphonia
Coughing/gagging - esp when trying to meow or bark
Exercise intolerance
Dyspnoea- in cases of laryngeal paralysis

Diagnosis - history and clinical examination
Examination of larynx - patients normally need anaesthesia

Treatment depends on cause:
Laryngeal paralysis - surgery
Laryngitis - supportive tx, poss- anti-inflammatory and antibiotics

26
Q

How would you nurse a patient with laryngeal disease?

A

Don’t use neck collar - use harness or head collar to prevent pressure around neck
Rest and avoid excitement
Keep patient cool
02 if needed
VS might need to induce and incubate in severe cases of laryngeal paralysis

27
Q

Define dysphonia?

A

Difficulty speaking

28
Q

Define orthopnoea?

A

Dyspnoea in lateral recumbency - improves in stern always recumbency

29
Q

How would you treat chronic pulmonary disease? And why would each medication be used

A

Treatment depends on cause

Anti-inflammatorys
Bronchodilators to treat narrowing of airways (feline asthma cases)
Mucolytics - to reduce mucous viscosity to aid removal
Expectorants - to aid remove of secretions
Antibiotics
Anthelmintics - in cases of lungworm
Antitussives to suppress coughing if indicated
Diuretics - for pulmonary oedema

30
Q

Extra pulmonary disease? clinical signs? Diagnosis?

A

Is when the lungs unable to inflate adequately as a result of air or fluid, abdominal organs, neoplasia in the thoracic cavity.

Clinical signs depend on underlying cause but might include:
Tachypnoea 
Cyanosis
Severe respiratory distress 
Shock
Collapse

Diagnosis includes:
Clinical examination
Blood tests
X-rays

31
Q

How is extra pulmonary disease treated?

A

Thoracocentesis
Indwelling chest drain (pyothorax or chylothorax)
And specific treatment depending on underlying cause

32
Q

Define chylothorax

A

A accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the space surrounding the pleural space

33
Q

How would you nurse a patient with extra pulmonary disease?

A 
Monitor vital signs 
Decrease stress and provide warm environment 
Provide 02 
I/v access and IVFT 
Thoracocentesis

315 Nursing Support (6 decks)

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