Respiratory conditions Flashcards
What proportion of the UK population are affected by respiratory disease?
1 in 5
third biggest cause of death in England
Why are incidence and mortality rates from respiratory disease higher in disadvantaged groups and areas of social deprivation?
higher incidence of smoking
exposure to higher levels of air pollution
poor housing conditions
exposure to occupational hazards
What is the estimated cost of treating asthma and COPD in the UK?
asthma - £3 billion
COPD - £1.9 billion
What is the estimated direct cost to the NHS of all lung conditions in the UK per year?
£11 billion
partially due to a rise in hospital admissions in the UK over the past 7 years
most admissions are non-elective, due to exacerbation of their condition
admissions more than double in the winter period
List six types of respiratory disease.
asthma bronchitis emphysema cystic fibrosis mesothelioma lung cancer
What is the prevalence of asthma in the UK?
5.4 million (1.1 million children and 4.3 million adults)
What proportion of babies are born with cystic fibrosis in the UK?
1 in every 2500
What is the prevalence of mesothelioma in the UK?
1700 people
65,000 cases are expected to occur between 2020 and 2050
What is the prevalence of lung cancer in the UK?
over 46,000 diagnoses in 2015
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs encompasses three respiratory conditions (1) chronic asthma (2) bronchitis (3) emphysema
How many people have a diagnosis of COPD in the UK?
1.2 million
115,000 new diagnoses per year
What are the most common risk factors for COPD?
age (more common >35 years)
smoking or history of smoking
List some of the common signs and symptoms of COPD.
exertional breathlessness chronic cough regular sputum production frequent winter 'bronchitis' wheeze
List some of the additional signs and symptoms of COPD.
weight loss reduced exercise tolerance waking at night with breathlessness ankle swelling fatigue occupational hazards (e.g. respiratory sensitisers) chest pain (uncommon) haemoptysis (uncommon)
What are the characteristics of asthma and COPD (ACO)?
persistent airflow limitation with several features usually associated with asthma and several features usually associated with COPD
the concept of asthma-COPD overlap was introduced in 2017 by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GICOPD, 2017)
What is the prevalence of ACO in the general population?
0.9-11%
people with ACO have an increased burden of disease but are often misdiagnosed, so they may not receive the most appropriate therapy
What are the problems associated with ACO?
increased symptoms increased exacerbations increased hospitalisations increased comorbidities increased mortality lower quality of life higher healthcare costs greater prevalence of insomnia
Differences between COPD and asthma
Smoker or ex-smoker?
COPD - nearly all
asthma - possibly
Differences between COPD and asthma
Symptoms under age 35?
COPD - rare
asthma - often
Differences between COPD and asthma
Chronic productive cough?
COPD - common
asthma - uncommon
Differences between COPD and asthma
Breathlessness?
COPD - persistent and progressive
asthma - variable
Differences between COPD and asthma
Night time waking with breathlessness and/or weeze?
COPD - uncommon
asthma - common
Differences between COPD and asthma
Significant diurnal or day-to-day variability of symptoms?
COPD - uncommon
asthma - common
What is the Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnoea scale?
tool to grade the degree of breathlessness related to activities
used alongside the presence of smoking history and one or more signs/symptoms