respiratory conditions Flashcards
What are general symptoms of respiratory diseases
cough, sputum production, dyspnoea (breathlessness), abnormal breathing sounds, haemoptysis (blood in cough = RED FLAG), chest pain, apnoea
What is the difference between an acute and chronic cough
acute = less than 3 weeks and will usually be viral or bacterial infections
chronic = more than 8 weeks such as asthma, TB or a tumor
What are causes of clubbing using clubbing acronym
C ongenital heart disease / cystic fibrosis
L ung cancer
U lcerative colitis / crohns disease
B ronchiectasis
B iliary cirrhosis
I nfective endocarditis
N eurogenic diaphragm tumors
G ravers disease
What are associated red flag symptoms with a cough
blood (must establish source duration & frequency), fever, chest pain, breathlessness, stridor (high pitch wheeze sound breathing) and weight loss
What are the LRT diseases?
acute bronchitis, pneumonia, whooping cough, bronchiolitis and TB
What are the URT diseases?
strep throat, laryngitis, tonsilitis
acute bronchitis definition and cause
definition = also known as chest cold and is where the airway of the lungs swell & produce mucus
cause = usually from viruses infecting similar to regular cold viruses but will only infect you once. sometimes from bacterial infection or inhaling harmful chemicals
acute bronchitis symptoms
cough, sputum production that’s clear white or yellow, fatigue, shortness of breath, fever and chills, chest discomfort, sore throat
acute bronchitis population and risk factors
population = young kids or elderly
risk factors = smokers, low immunity, chronic immunosuppressive conditions, exposure to chemical irritants or fumes so occupation, gastric reflux & heartburn irritating throat
acute bronchitis prognosis
usually improves itself in week - 10 days
strep throat definition and cause
definition = bacterial infection that makes you throat feel sore and scratchy
cause = infection caused by bacteria called streptococcus pyogens that is contagious and is spread through droplets in coughs / sneezes and if untreated can have bad complications
strep throat symptoms
sudden throat pain, pain swallowing, red swollen tonsils, fever, headache, rash, nausea, red spots on back and roof of mouth, swollen neck ymph nodes
strep throat population and risk factors
population = most common children aged 5-15 and subtropical and tropical countries
risk factors = time of year (winter and early spring), close contact with someone, bad hygiene
strep throat prognosis
feel better after a few days antibiotics and symptoms should go in 7-10 days
laryngitis defintion and cause
definition = inflammation of larynx (voice box) and the 2 folds of mucous membrane covering the muscle and cartilage become irritated & inflamed
cause = be from a variation such as viral infections, vocal strain or bacterial infections that irritate the larynx (can have chronic that is caused by long time exposure to irritants)