Respiratory Conditions Flashcards
Central Chemoreceptors
sense changes in pH (increased CO2) of CSF
Peripheral Chemoreceptors
Sense changes in paCO2 but primarily sensitive to PaO2
PaO2 and normal range
Partial pressure of oxygen. The diffused oxygen in the arteries and arterioles. Very sensitive indicator of gas exchange impairment. Indicator of oxygen availability in blood.
Want it between 60-100
Perfusion
Exchange of gasses in the lungs
Ventilation
Air entering the lungs and respiratory tract
Most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction is…
Low oxygen (pulmonary hypotension)
Respiratory Defense Mechanisms
- Filtration of air
- Mucociliary escalator
- IgA antibodies
- Cough reflex
- Reflex bronchoconstriction
- Alveolar macrophages
Diagnostic Studies for Respiratory Disorders (PVAX)
P - pulmonary function tests
V - ventilation/perfusion scan
A - arterial blood gas
X - chest X-ray
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
- Assess for hypoxemia, hypercapnia, respiratory acidosis
Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan
- for diagnosis of PE (pulmonary embolism)
Chest X-ray
Enlarged airways & check for pneumonia
Pulmonary Function Tests
- Spirometry
- Forced spirometry
- Peak flow meter
- Lung volume test
FVC
Forced vital capacity. Measuring the vital capacity that an individual can expire in one breath
FEV1
Forced expiratory volume in 1 second
SaO2
Oxygen saturation. Percentage of available binding sites on hemoglobin that are bound with oxygen in arterial blood.
normal values 95-100%
Hypoxia
Reduced level of tissue oxygenation. Can be due to defective delivery of oxygen or defective utilization of oxygen by the tissue.
Hypoxemia
Decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.
Hypercapnia
Elevated CO2 in the blood