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CD > RESPIRATORY CD > Flashcards

RESPIRATORY CD Flashcards

1
Q

What is Diphtheria

A

Acute toxin meditated disease

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2
Q

Causative agent of Diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium Diphtheria/ klebbs-loffler (bacteria)

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3
Q

Mode of transmission of Diphtheria

A

Droplet

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4
Q

Incubation period of Diphtheria

A

2-5 days

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5
Q

Risk factor of Diphtheria

A

Over crowding
Immunocompromised pt
Incomplete immunization (No DPT vax)

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6
Q

4 kinds of Diphtheria

A

Respiratory
Laryngeal
Nasal
Cutaneous

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7
Q

Most common types of Diphtheria

A

Respiratory Diphtheria

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8
Q

Signs and symptoms of respiratory Diphtheria

A

Sore throat
Fever
Dysphagia
Bull neck appearance (caused by toxin)

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of laryngeal diphtheria

A

Increase hoarseness of voice
Cough
Stridor (upon inhalation) -> medical emergency= airway obstruction

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms of nasal diphtheria

A

Mildest form
Clear nasal discharge (blood stained)

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11
Q

Signs and symptoms of cutaneous diphtheria

A

Skin ulcers (usually legs)

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12
Q

Diagnostic test use for diphtheria

A

Nasopharyngeal swab
Swab from lesions

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13
Q

Intervention for diphtheria

A

Isolation of the child (until 2 negative swabs are taken within 24 hours apart)
Antibiotics (erythromycin, penicillin, antipyretics for fever)
CBR (except nasal type)
Soft diet
Oral hygiene (don’t use toothbrush, warm mouth wash)

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14
Q

Prevention Diphtheria

A

Active vaccine: DPT vax
Passive: anti toxin, immunoglobulin

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15
Q

Complications of Diphtheria

A

MYOCARDITIS

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16
Q

What is pertussis

A

Aka whooping cough

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17
Q

Causative agent for pertussis

A

Bordetella Pertussis
Bordet Gengou Bacillus (bacteria)

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18
Q

Mode of transmission of pertussis

A

Droplet

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19
Q

Incubation period of pertussis

A

7-10 days (not exceeding 21 days)

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20
Q

S/sx: Prodromal (catarrhal stage) of pertussis

A

7-14 days
Mild fever
Headache
Colds
Cough

21
Q

S/sx: paroxysmal stage (acute illness) or pertussis

A

14-28 days
Whooping cough (Hallmark sign) - deep inhalation followed by cascade SHARP COUGH in 1 exhalation phase
Vomiting
Anorexia- lack of appetite

22
Q

S/sx: convalescent stage of pertussis

A

2 weeks stage
Less coughing and vomiting

23
Q

Dx test for pertussis

A

Bordet gengou agar test= nasopharyngeal swab

24
Q

Intervention for pertussis

A

Antibiotics (erythromycin, penicillin, antipyretics)
Isolation
CBR
Promote effective coughing
Encourage increase OFI
Suction if prescribe
CPT

25
Q

Prevention of pertussis

A

Active: DPT vaccine (3doses 6,10,14 wks)
Passive: immunoglobulin

26
Q

What is tuberculosis

A

Aka: koch’s infection, phthisis, galloping consumption, PTB

27
Q

Causative agent of TB

A

Myobacterium TB (koch’s Bacillus) = rod-shaped, acid fast bacillus

28
Q

MOT of TB

A

Airborne

29
Q

What is the incubation period of TB

A

2-12 weeks

30
Q

Period of communicability of TB

A

No longer infection after 2 weeks of treatment

31
Q

S/sx of of TB

A

Greater than 2 weeks
Cough
Low grade fever
Unexplained weight loss
Night sweats
Easy fatigability
Hemoptysis (dugo sa phlegm)

32
Q

Extrapulmonary TB

A

TB meningitis
- neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity)
Abdominal TB
- ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
skeletal TB
- non painful enlarged joints
Pott’s disease (spinal TB)
- spine deformity
Renal TB
- hematuria, pyuria

33
Q

Diagnostic test for TB

A

Tuberculin skin test/mantoux test
- 5-10 mm (positive for high risk pt)
- 10 mm ( positive for normal healthy ind.)
CXR
Direct sputum smear microscopy - confirmatory for TB

34
Q

Direct sputum smear microscopy (DSSM) consideration

A

Confirmatory for TB
- early morning sputum (unang dahak)
- 3-5 ml
- provide mouthcare

35
Q

Latent TB infection

A

No symptoms
Cannot spread
Skin test indicates TB infection
Normal CXR
Negative sputum test

36
Q

Active TB infection

A

Has symptoms
Feeling sick
May spread bacteria
Skin test indicating TB infection
Abn CXR
Positive sputum smear

37
Q

Intervention for TB

A

TB DOTS -> ensure compliance
Direct observe tx short course
Use N95 mask

38
Q

Medication for TB

A

Rifampicin- hepatotoxic
Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy
Pyrazinamide - hyperuricemia
Ethambutol - optic neuritis
Streptomycin - ototoxic

39
Q

What is pneumonia

A

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma

40
Q

Causative agent for Pneumonia

A

Virus, protozoa, bacteria
Streptococcus (CAP)
Staphylococcus gram (-) (HCAP)
Pseudomonas klebsiella (ICU)

41
Q

MOT of pneumonia

A

Direct (droplet)

42
Q

S/sx of pneumonia

A

Cardinal signs:
- shaking chills
- productive cough
- sputum production
- pleuritic/chest pain

43
Q

Sputum production color

A

Rusty (strepto)
Creamy yellow (staph)
Greenish (pseudomonas)
Currant jelly (klebsiella)
Clear no infection

44
Q

Mgt for chest pain in pneumonia

A

Splint the chest wall
Apply chest binder
Turn to sides (affected side)

45
Q

IMCI for Pneumonia

A

Fast breathing
Chest indrawing use of accessory muscle
Stridor harsh breath sounds during inspiration
Wheezing high pitched sound when expiration

46
Q

Dx exam for Pneumonia

A

Chest xray -confirmatory test
Sputum exam

47
Q

Medical Mgt for Pneumonia

A

Antibiotics
Inhalation therapy

48
Q

Nrsg care for Pneumonia

A

Maintain patent airway
Provide adequate rest
Adequate nutrition
Comfort measure

49
Q

Prevention of pneumonia

A

Immunization
Cover nose and mouth
Proper disposal secretion

CD (2 decks)

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