RESPIRATORY CD Flashcards
What is Diphtheria
Acute toxin meditated disease
Causative agent of Diphtheria
Corynebacterium Diphtheria/ klebbs-loffler (bacteria)
Mode of transmission of Diphtheria
Droplet
Incubation period of Diphtheria
2-5 days
Risk factor of Diphtheria
Over crowding
Immunocompromised pt
Incomplete immunization (No DPT vax)
4 kinds of Diphtheria
Respiratory
Laryngeal
Nasal
Cutaneous
Most common types of Diphtheria
Respiratory Diphtheria
Signs and symptoms of respiratory Diphtheria
Sore throat
Fever
Dysphagia
Bull neck appearance (caused by toxin)
Signs and symptoms of laryngeal diphtheria
Increase hoarseness of voice
Cough
Stridor (upon inhalation) -> medical emergency= airway obstruction
Signs and symptoms of nasal diphtheria
Mildest form
Clear nasal discharge (blood stained)
Signs and symptoms of cutaneous diphtheria
Skin ulcers (usually legs)
Diagnostic test use for diphtheria
Nasopharyngeal swab
Swab from lesions
Intervention for diphtheria
Isolation of the child (until 2 negative swabs are taken within 24 hours apart)
Antibiotics (erythromycin, penicillin, antipyretics for fever)
CBR (except nasal type)
Soft diet
Oral hygiene (don’t use toothbrush, warm mouth wash)
Prevention Diphtheria
Active vaccine: DPT vax
Passive: anti toxin, immunoglobulin
Complications of Diphtheria
MYOCARDITIS
What is pertussis
Aka whooping cough
Causative agent for pertussis
Bordetella Pertussis
Bordet Gengou Bacillus (bacteria)
Mode of transmission of pertussis
Droplet
Incubation period of pertussis
7-10 days (not exceeding 21 days)
S/sx: Prodromal (catarrhal stage) of pertussis
7-14 days
Mild fever
Headache
Colds
Cough
S/sx: paroxysmal stage (acute illness) or pertussis
14-28 days
Whooping cough (Hallmark sign) - deep inhalation followed by cascade SHARP COUGH in 1 exhalation phase
Vomiting
Anorexia- lack of appetite
S/sx: convalescent stage of pertussis
2 weeks stage
Less coughing and vomiting
Dx test for pertussis
Bordet gengou agar test= nasopharyngeal swab
Intervention for pertussis
Antibiotics (erythromycin, penicillin, antipyretics)
Isolation
CBR
Promote effective coughing
Encourage increase OFI
Suction if prescribe
CPT
Prevention of pertussis
Active: DPT vaccine (3doses 6,10,14 wks)
Passive: immunoglobulin
What is tuberculosis
Aka: koch’s infection, phthisis, galloping consumption, PTB
Causative agent of TB
Myobacterium TB (koch’s Bacillus) = rod-shaped, acid fast bacillus
MOT of TB
Airborne
What is the incubation period of TB
2-12 weeks
Period of communicability of TB
No longer infection after 2 weeks of treatment
S/sx of of TB
Greater than 2 weeks
Cough
Low grade fever
Unexplained weight loss
Night sweats
Easy fatigability
Hemoptysis (dugo sa phlegm)
Extrapulmonary TB
TB meningitis
- neck stiffness (nuchal rigidity)
Abdominal TB
- ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
skeletal TB
- non painful enlarged joints
Pott’s disease (spinal TB)
- spine deformity
Renal TB
- hematuria, pyuria
Diagnostic test for TB
Tuberculin skin test/mantoux test
- 5-10 mm (positive for high risk pt)
- 10 mm ( positive for normal healthy ind.)
CXR
Direct sputum smear microscopy - confirmatory for TB
Direct sputum smear microscopy (DSSM) consideration
Confirmatory for TB
- early morning sputum (unang dahak)
- 3-5 ml
- provide mouthcare
Latent TB infection
No symptoms
Cannot spread
Skin test indicates TB infection
Normal CXR
Negative sputum test
Active TB infection
Has symptoms
Feeling sick
May spread bacteria
Skin test indicating TB infection
Abn CXR
Positive sputum smear
Intervention for TB
TB DOTS -> ensure compliance
Direct observe tx short course
Use N95 mask
Medication for TB
Rifampicin- hepatotoxic
Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy
Pyrazinamide - hyperuricemia
Ethambutol - optic neuritis
Streptomycin - ototoxic
What is pneumonia
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma
Causative agent for Pneumonia
Virus, protozoa, bacteria
Streptococcus (CAP)
Staphylococcus gram (-) (HCAP)
Pseudomonas klebsiella (ICU)
MOT of pneumonia
Direct (droplet)
S/sx of pneumonia
Cardinal signs:
- shaking chills
- productive cough
- sputum production
- pleuritic/chest pain
Sputum production color
Rusty (strepto)
Creamy yellow (staph)
Greenish (pseudomonas)
Currant jelly (klebsiella)
Clear no infection
Mgt for chest pain in pneumonia
Splint the chest wall
Apply chest binder
Turn to sides (affected side)
IMCI for Pneumonia
Fast breathing
Chest indrawing use of accessory muscle
Stridor harsh breath sounds during inspiration
Wheezing high pitched sound when expiration
Dx exam for Pneumonia
Chest xray -confirmatory test
Sputum exam
Medical Mgt for Pneumonia
Antibiotics
Inhalation therapy
Nrsg care for Pneumonia
Maintain patent airway
Provide adequate rest
Adequate nutrition
Comfort measure
Prevention of pneumonia
Immunization
Cover nose and mouth
Proper disposal secretion
