Respiratory Care Modalities

Question 1

mode of mechanical ventilation that allows unrestricted, spontaneous breaths throughout the ventilatory cycle; on inspiration the patient receives a preset level of continuous positive airway pressure, and pressure is periodically released to aid expiration

Answer 1

airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)

Question 2

the use of a chest tube and closed drainage system to re-expand the lung and to remove excess air, fluid, and/or blood

Answer 2

chest drainage system

Question 3

noninvasive spontaneous breath mode of mechanical ventilation that allows for the separate control of inspiratory and expiratory pressures; given via a mask

Answer 3

bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

Question 4

manually cupping hands over the chest wall and using vibration to mobilize secretions by mechanically dislodging viscous or adherent secretions in the lungs

Answer 4

chest percussion

Question 5

therapy used to remove bronchial secretions, improve ventilation, and increase the efficiency of the respiratory muscles; types include postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration

Answer 5

Chest Physiotherapy

Question 6

also referred to as assist-control (A/C) ventilation; mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient’s breathing pattern may trigger the ventilator to deliver a preset tidal volume or set pressure; the machine delivers a controlled breath at a preset minimum rate and tidal volume or set pressure

Answer 6

continuous mandatory (volume or pressure) ventilation (CMV)

Question 7

positive pressure applied throughout the respiratory cycle to a spontaneously breathing patient to promote alveolar and airway stability and increase functional residual capacity; may be given with endotracheal or tracheostomy tube or by mask

Answer 7

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Question 8

insertion of a breathing tube (type of artificial airway) through the nose or mouth into the trachea

Answer 8

endotracheal intubation

Question 9

portable handheld mucous clearance device; consisting of a tube with an oscillating steel ball inside; upon expiration high frequency oscillations facilitate mucous expectoration

Answer 9

flutter valve

Question 10

concentration of delivered (1.0 = 100% oxygen)

Answer 10

fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)

Question 11

decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells

Answer 11

hypoxia

Question 11

decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood

Answer 11

hypoxemia

Question 12

method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to help the patient inhale deeply and slowly and achieve maximum lung inflation

Answer 12

incentive spirometry

Question 13

mode of mechanical ventilation that provides a combination of mechanically assisted breaths at a preset volume or pressure and rate and spontaneous breaths

Answer 13

intermittent mandatory (volume or pressure) ventilation (IMV)

Question 14

a positive- or negative-pressure breathing device that supports ventilation and oxygenation

Answer 14

mechanical ventilator

Question 15

positive pressure maintained by the ventilator at the end of exhalation (instead of a normal zero pressure) to increase functional residual capacity and open collapsed alveoli; improves oxygenation with lower fraction of inspired oxygen

Answer 15

positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)

Question 16

partial or complete collapse of the lung due to positive pressure in the pleural space

Answer 16

pneumothorax

Question 17

mode of mechanical ventilation in which preset positive pressure is delivered with spontaneous breaths to decrease work of breathing

Answer 17

pressure support ventilation (PSV)

Question 17

positioning the patient to allow drainage from all lobes of the lungs and airways

Answer 17

postural drainage

Question 18

mode of mechanical ventilation that provides partial ventilatory support in proportion to the patient’s inspiratory efforts; decreases the work of breathing

Answer 18

proportional assist ventilation (PAV)

Question 19

process of gradual, systematic withdrawal or removal of ventilator, breathing tube, and oxygenation

Answer 19

respiratory weaning

Question 20

surgical opening into the chest cavity

Answer 20

thoracotomy

Question 21

mode of mechanical ventilation in which the ventilator allows the patient to breathe spontaneously while providing a preset number of breaths to ensure adequate ventilation; ventilated breaths are synchronized with spontaneous breathing

Answer 21

synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)

Question 22

volume of air inspired and expired with each breath

Answer 22

tidal volume

Question 23

indwelling tube inserted directly into the trachea to assist with ventilation

Answer 23

tracheostomy

Question 24

surgical opening into the trachea

Answer 24

tracheotomy

Question 25

a type of massage given by quickly tapping the chest with the fingertips or alternating the fingers in a rhythmic manner, or by using a mechanical device to assist in mobilizing lung secretions

Answer 25

vibration