Respiratory Care Modalities Flashcards
mode of mechanical ventilation that allows unrestricted, spontaneous breaths throughout the ventilatory cycle; on inspiration the patient receives a preset level of continuous positive airway pressure, and pressure is periodically released to aid expiration
airway pressure release ventilation (APRV)
the use of a chest tube and closed drainage system to re-expand the lung and to remove excess air, fluid, and/or blood
chest drainage system
noninvasive spontaneous breath mode of mechanical ventilation that allows for the separate control of inspiratory and expiratory pressures; given via a mask
bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)
manually cupping hands over the chest wall and using vibration to mobilize secretions by mechanically dislodging viscous or adherent secretions in the lungs
chest percussion
therapy used to remove bronchial secretions, improve ventilation, and increase the efficiency of the respiratory muscles; types include postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration
Chest Physiotherapy
also referred to as assist-control (A/C) ventilation; mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient’s breathing pattern may trigger the ventilator to deliver a preset tidal volume or set pressure; the machine delivers a controlled breath at a preset minimum rate and tidal volume or set pressure
continuous mandatory (volume or pressure) ventilation (CMV)
positive pressure applied throughout the respiratory cycle to a spontaneously breathing patient to promote alveolar and airway stability and increase functional residual capacity; may be given with endotracheal or tracheostomy tube or by mask
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
insertion of a breathing tube (type of artificial airway) through the nose or mouth into the trachea
endotracheal intubation
portable handheld mucous clearance device; consisting of a tube with an oscillating steel ball inside; upon expiration high frequency oscillations facilitate mucous expectoration
flutter valve
concentration of delivered (1.0 = 100% oxygen)
fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells
hypoxia
decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood
hypoxemia
method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to help the patient inhale deeply and slowly and achieve maximum lung inflation
incentive spirometry
mode of mechanical ventilation that provides a combination of mechanically assisted breaths at a preset volume or pressure and rate and spontaneous breaths
intermittent mandatory (volume or pressure) ventilation (IMV)
a positive- or negative-pressure breathing device that supports ventilation and oxygenation
mechanical ventilator
positive pressure maintained by the ventilator at the end of exhalation (instead of a normal zero pressure) to increase functional residual capacity and open collapsed alveoli; improves oxygenation with lower fraction of inspired oxygen
positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
partial or complete collapse of the lung due to positive pressure in the pleural space
pneumothorax
mode of mechanical ventilation in which preset positive pressure is delivered with spontaneous breaths to decrease work of breathing
pressure support ventilation (PSV)
positioning the patient to allow drainage from all lobes of the lungs and airways
postural drainage
mode of mechanical ventilation that provides partial ventilatory support in proportion to the patient’s inspiratory efforts; decreases the work of breathing
proportional assist ventilation (PAV)
process of gradual, systematic withdrawal or removal of ventilator, breathing tube, and oxygenation
respiratory weaning
surgical opening into the chest cavity
thoracotomy
mode of mechanical ventilation in which the ventilator allows the patient to breathe spontaneously while providing a preset number of breaths to ensure adequate ventilation; ventilated breaths are synchronized with spontaneous breathing
synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV)
volume of air inspired and expired with each breath
tidal volume
indwelling tube inserted directly into the trachea to assist with ventilation
tracheostomy
surgical opening into the trachea
tracheotomy
a type of massage given by quickly tapping the chest with the fingertips or alternating the fingers in a rhythmic manner, or by using a mechanical device to assist in mobilizing lung secretions
vibration
