Respiratory Buzzwords Flashcards
Stony dull to percuss
Pleural effusion
Right sided pleuritic chest pain
most likely pneumonia
Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe
vessels Pleural effusion
Pulmonary oedema
Ground-glass appearance on X-ray
Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress
Syndrome of the newborn
Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli
TB
Caseous necrosis
TB
Apical disease
Most likely (secondary) TB; apical lesion is called an Assmann focus!
Miliary Tuberculous
spread of organism into bloodstream.
- If organism spread via pulmonary artery, miliary dissemination into the lung occurs.
- If organism spread via pulmonary vein, there is systemic dissemination to the liver,
spleen, and kidneys.
Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture’s
syndrome
Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet
caused by chlamydophila psittaci
Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread
Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)
“Tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana”
probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis
and weight loss
Sarcoidosis
Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)
Bronchiectasis
“D sign on X ray”
Empyema
“Steeple” sign on X ray
laryngotracheobronchitis/croup
Child with barking cough
Croup
Pneumocystis pneumonia
HIV (treat with Co-tramoxazole [± prednisolone if
severe])
Asthma + Nasal Polyps + Salicylate sensitivity
Samter’s Triad
Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Red Jelly sputum
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Mucoid sputum
Chlamydia psittaci
Rusty sputum
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)
classically from primary
renal cell carcinoma
Morning headache
hypercapnia or Side effects of organic nitrates
ACTH secreting lung tumour
Small cell carcinoma of the lung. Small-cell carcinoma
are neuroendocrine, highly malignant, and may be associated with ectopic endocrine
syndromes.
PTH secreting lung tumour
Squamous cell ca. of lung
Increased serum ACE and Ca2+
Sarcoid
Eggshell calcification at hilar region
Silicosis
‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces
Macrophages that have absorbed
haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severe) left-
ventricular heart failure. Also, seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension.
Ghon Focus
An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung,
beneath the pleura - found in tuberculosis infection. Note: Ghon Focus rupture (rare)
through the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity will produce tuberculous pleurisy.
Assmann Focus
Apical lesion of secondary tuberculous infection
‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs
a rounded solitary lesion. The common
lesions are: Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, Metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney),
Bronchial hamartoma, Carcinoid tumour, Granulomatous inflammation, Lung
abscess.
Horner’s Syndrome
Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the
intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour. Signs include: ptosis (drooping of the
eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the
ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion, of the
cervical sympathetic chain.
Acute management of Asthma:
O SHIT MAN:
a. Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask
b. Salbutamol Nebulised back-to-back.
c. Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO
d. Ipratropium Bromide Nebulised hourly
e. Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV
f. Magnesium and call an
g. Anaesthetist
Thumbprint sign on head x ray
epiglottitis
Inspiratory whoop/barking cough
pertussis
Snow storm appearance on x ray
baritosis, silicosis
Management of infective exacerbation of COPD
iSOAP
i - ipratropium
S - Salbutamol
O - Oxygen
A - amoxicillin
P - prednisolone
Non-smoker + lung cancer
(peripheral) adenocarcinoma