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respiratory buzzword sheet Flashcards

1
Q

stony, dull to percuss

A

pleural effusion

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2
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bats wings, kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion

A

pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Ground- glass appearence X-ray

A

pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl- Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Miliary TB

A

spread of an organism into blood stream. If pulmonary artery- miliary dissemination into lung. If pulmonary vein- systemic dissemination into kidney, liver, spleen

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8
Q

positive antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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9
Q

Chest infection with parrot/pidgeon as pet

A

chlamydophila psittaci is cause

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10
Q

dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad. Some indication of water spread

A

legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens) - hyponatreamia

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11
Q

Tall thin induldges in marijuana- snoop dog.

A

probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s increases chance of pneumothorax)

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12
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

A

sarcoidosis

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13
Q

bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet rign sign)

A

bronchiectasis

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14
Q

D sign on X ray

A

empyema

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15
Q

Steeple sign on X-ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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16
Q

child with barking cough

A

croup

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17
Q

pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with Co-trimoxazole plus prednisolone (if severe) SS

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18
Q

Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s triad (aspirin induced asthma)

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19
Q

Alcoholic (aspiration pneumonia)

A

klebsiella pneumonia

20
Q

red jelly sputum

A

klebsiella pneumonia

21
Q

mucoid sputum

A

chlamydia psittaci

22
Q

Rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia (strep)

23
Q

cannonball metastases (weight loss and haematuria)

A

classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

24
Q

Morning headache

A

Hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

25
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

small cell carcinoma of the lung

26
Q

PTH secreting tumour

A

squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

27
Q

small cell carcinoma

A

neuroendocrine, highly malignant and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes.

28
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

29
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

30
Q

‘Heart failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated with severe LV heart failure. Also seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension

31
Q

Ghon Focus

A

An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung. beneath the pleura - found in TB infection. Ghon focus rupture (rare) through visceral pleura into pleural cavity = TB pleurisy

32
Q

Assmann Focus

A

Apical lesion of secondary TB infection

33
Q

‘Coin lesion’ found on chest in radiographs

A

Rounded solitary lesion. The common lesions are: primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastatic rumour (esp. Of kidney) bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess

34
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the infra thoracic nodes or a pancoast’s tumour. Signs include Ptoasis (drooping eyelid) enophlhalmos, miosis, and lack of sweating on same side of invasion of face. (Invasion of cervical sympathetic chain.

35
Q

Acute management of asthma

A

Oxygen 100% non rebreather

Salbutamol nebuliser back to back

Hydrocortisone IV or prednisolone

Ipatropium bromide nebulised hourly

Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV

Magnesium and call an

ANaesthatist

36
Q

Thumbprint sign on head x Ray

A

Epiglottis

37
Q

Inspiration whoop/barking cough

38
Q

Snow storm appearence on x-Ray

A

Baritosis, silicosis

39
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD

A

I SOAP

Ipatropium

Salbutamol

Oxygen

Amoxicillin

Prednisolone

40
Q

Non smoker and lung cancer

A

(Peripheral) adenocarcinoma

41
Q

Squamous and small cell lung cancers

42
Q

High-d dimers

A

Suspect PE (CTPA or V/Q scan)

43
Q

Low d dimers

A

Exclude PE

44
Q

Large PE

A

Thrombolysis

45
Q

Small PE

A

Low molecular weight heparin

46
Q

Honeycomb lung

A

Fibrosing alveolitis

resp buzzwords (2 decks)

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