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N190 > Respiratory, Breast, & Axillae > Flashcards

Respiratory, Breast, & Axillae Flashcards

1
Q

Functional unit of the lungs

A

alveoli

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2
Q

The true ribs are?

A

1 to 7

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3
Q

Rib 8 to 10 are connect to?

A

cartilage of the 7th rib

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4
Q

The floating ribs are?

A

11 & 12

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5
Q

Angle of Louis

A

the articulation between the manubrium and body of the sternum; in line with the second rib

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6
Q

Normal sound of indirect percussion of the lungs?

A

resonance

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7
Q

Hyperresonace

A

when air is trapped in the lungs

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8
Q

Tracheal sound

A
  • harsh, high-pitched
  • over trachea
  • I < E
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9
Q

Bronchial sound

A
  • loud, high-pitched
  • next to trachea
  • E > I
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10
Q

Bronchial vesicular sound

A
  • next to sternal border; between scapulae
  • medium-pitched
  • I = E
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11
Q

Vesicular

A
  • soft, low-pitched
  • over remainder of lungs
  • I > E
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12
Q

How to assess bronchophony

Ausculation Technique

A

say “99”

normal: muffled

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13
Q

How to assess egophony

Ausculation Technique

A

say “E:

normal: “eeeee”

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14
Q

How to assess whispered pectoriloquy

A

whisper “ 1, 2, 3”

normal: faint, almost indistinguishable

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15
Q

Technique used to elicit tactile fremitus?

A

palpation

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16
Q

Causes of increased tactile fremitus

A
  • fluid in the lungs
  • fibrosis
  • tumor
  • infection
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17
Q

Causes of decreased tactile fremitus

A
  • soft voice
  • thick chest muscles
  • obesity
  • COPD
  • pleaural effusion
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18
Q

How to assess for diaphragmatic excursion

A

percussion

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19
Q

Normal diaphragmatic excursion

A

3-5 cm; may go up to 7-8 cm in well-fit, althlectic individuals

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20
Q

Causes of decrease diaphragmatic excursion

A

< 3 cm
- lungs not fully expanding
- emphysema
- atelectasis
- respiratory depression

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21
Q

Asymmetric diaphragmatic excursions indicates?

A

paralysis or pleural effusion of higher side of chest

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22
Q

Bronchophony sound when lungs are filled with fluid

A

loud, clear sounds

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23
Q

Ronchi Wheezes (sibilant)

A

continuous, high-pitched

expected with asthma (blocked airflow)

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24
Q

Ronchi (sonorous)

A

continuous, low-pitched, snorring, rattling

common with COPD, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, & cystic fibrosis

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25
Q

Crackles

A

crackling, bubbling

common in lobar pneumonia

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26
Q

Causes of loud, moist, low-pitched bubbling

coarse crackles

A

alveoli are filled with fluid

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27
Q

Atelectasis breath sounds

A

decreased at the lower lobe of the lungs

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28
Q

Causes of atelectasis

A
  • prolonged bed rest of post-op clients
  • ineffective coughing
  • hypoventilation
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29
Q

External respiration

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 at the alveoli level of the lungs

30
Q

Internal respiration

A

exchange of O2 and CO2 at the cellular level of the lungs

31
Q

Active phase of respiration

A

inspiration

32
Q

Passive phase of respiration

A

exhalation

33
Q

Eupnea

A

normal breathing; regular, rhythmic, even, and labored

34
Q

Normal breathing for newborns

A

40-80 breaths/min

35
Q

Eupnea with occasional sigh still normal breathing

A

true

36
Q

Frequent sighs will result in?

A

hyperventilation

37
Q

Choanal atresia

A
  • congenital defect
  • membrane obstructs the nasal passage of the newborn
  • must be managed right away bc it can lead to respiratory failure
38
Q

Tachypnea

A

rapid, shallow

39
Q

Hyperventilation

A

rapid, deep

40
Q

Bradypnea

A

slow, regular

41
Q

Hypoventilation

A

slow, irregular, shallow

42
Q

Cheyne Stokes breathing

A

regular pattern with periods of apnea

in elderly, dying patients

43
Q

Ataxia (Biots) breathing

A

irregular pattern with periods of apnea

common in pts with brain damage

44
Q

Most common breathing for COPD, asthma, and chronic bronchitis?

A

obstructive breathing, prolonged expiration

45
Q

Stridor

A

heard without stethascope

46
Q

Pleural friction rub

A

produced outside of airway; rubbing and dry

47
Q

Causes of loud, scratchy breath sounds

A

patient with pleurisy caused by inflammation of the pleura

48
Q

What to advise a client when using spirometer

A
  • secure lips around the mouthpiece
  • take a deep breath in
49
Q

Elliptical

A
  • normal configuration of chest in adults
  • lateral diameter of the chest is 2:1 with anterior posterior diameter of the chest
50
Q

Normal chest configuration of newborns & toddlers

A

barrel chest

abnormal finding found in COPD

51
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral deviation of spinal process

52
Q

Kyphosis

A

exaggerated curvature of thoracic vertebrae

common in elderly

53
Q

Lordosis

A

exaggerated curvature of the lumbar vertebrae

common in pregnant women

54
Q

Pectus excavatum

(funnel chest)

A
  • funnel chest
  • congenital deformity
  • depression of the sternum and adjacent cartilage
  • compresses the heart and lungs
  • cardiac murmurs may be heard
  • surgery is indicated
55
Q

Pectus carinatum

(pigeon chest)

A
  • pigeon chest
  • congenital deformity
  • forward displacement of the sternum with depression of adjacent cartilage
  • no management necessary
56
Q

Clubbing of the fingers are due to?

A
  • chronic smoking
  • hypoxia
  • poor tissue perfusion
  • nail angle > 160 degrees
57
Q

Early signs of hypoxia

A
  • ALOC
  • anxiety or confusion
  • if not corrected, results in hypertension
58
Q

Most important question to as a patient with rhinitis

A

Hx of allery

59
Q

Normal findings of tansillumination of the sinuses

A

red glow

60
Q

Absence of transillumination of sinuses indicates?

A

fluid filled sinuses

61
Q

What to do if patient complains of sinus headache

A
  • assess for transillumination of sinuses
    or
  • direct percussion of sinuses
62
Q

What is responsible for milk production in post-partum patients?

A

acini cells

63
Q

Supernumerary nipples

A

minor congenital malformation
- additional nipples that occurs along the breastline from the armpit to the groin
- misdiagnosed as moles

64
Q

Most breast tumors are located in the?

A

upper outer quadrant of the breast

65
Q

SB for elderly

A

same day and same time
monthly

66
Q

SB for female still menstruating

A

3-5 days after cycle

hormones are more stable

67
Q

Fibroadenoma

A
  • well-defined breast tumor
  • no tenderness/discharge
  • common in adolescent girls to 30 y/o
68
Q

Intraductal papilloma

A

most common cause of benign nipple discharge of menopausal female

69
Q

Orange peel appearance on skin of breast is a sign of?

A

breast malignancy or cancer

70
Q

Action for asthma exacerbations

A
  • measure airflow (pulmonary function test)
  • admin albuterol as prescribed
  • monitor PICC flow
  • monitor for development of sudden absence of wheezing

N190 (1 decks)

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