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N3102: Adult > Respiratory: Basics > Flashcards

Respiratory: Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal pH levels

A

7.35 - 7.45

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2
Q

what is acidosis pH levels

A

less than 7.35

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3
Q

What is alkalosis pH levels

A

more than 7.45

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4
Q

What is normal PaCO2 levels

A

35-45 mmHg

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5
Q

What is alkalosis PaCO2 levels

A

less than 35 mmHg

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6
Q

What is acidosis PaCO2 levels

A

more than 45 mmHg

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7
Q

What is normal HCO3 levels

A

22-26 mEq/L

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8
Q

Wat is acidosis HCO3 levels

A

less than 22 mEq/L

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9
Q

What is alkalosis HCO3 levels

A

more than 26 mEq/L

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10
Q

Does PaCO2 indicate respiratory or metabolic acidosis/alkalosis?

A

respiratory

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11
Q

Does HCO3 indicate respiratory or metabolic acidosis/alkalosis?

A

metabolic

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12
Q

What are ABGs most accurate for?

A

effectiveness of ventilation

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13
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

pH less than 7.35 w/ PaCO2 greater than 45 mmHg

Accumulation of CO2 combined w/ water = carbonic acid = decreased pH

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14
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

pH greater than 7.45 and PaCO2 less than 35mmHg

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15
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

HCO3 less than 22mEq/L w. pH less than 7.35

increase of noncarbonic acids (acids other than CO2) or loss of bicarbonate (bases)

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16
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis?

A

HCO3 greater than 26mEq/L with pH greater than 7.45

loss of metabolic acids, increases of bicarbonate (bases)

17
Q

What type of acidosis/alkalosis result from: Hypoventilation or shallow breathing, Airway constriction, Damage to respiratory center in medulla

A

Respiratory acidosis

18
Q

What type of acidosis/alkalosis result from: Hyperventilation due to pulmonary disease (asthma), anxiety, or high altitude, fever, anemia

A

Respiratory alkalosis

19
Q

What type of acidosis/alkalosis result from: Severe diarrhea, Kidney/renal failure, Diabetes, Excess alcohol ingestion, Starvation (ketoacidosis), lactic acidosis (shock, hypoxemia)

A

metabolic acidosis

20
Q

What type of acidosis/alkalosis result from: Constipation for prolonged periods, Ingestion of excess sodium bicarbonate, Diuretics that cause potassium depletion, Severe vomiting

A

metabolic alkalosis

21
Q

Can increasing ventilation correct respiratory acidosis?

A

Yes

22
Q

Is PCO2 decreased or increased in hyperventilation?

A

decreased

Increased acidity increases rate and depth of breathing which gets rid of CO2 (decrease acidity)

23
Q

is PCO2 decreased or increased in hypoventilation?

A

increased

decreased rate and depth of respiration as it allows for temporary accumulation of of carbonic acid (=increase acidicity)

24
Q

What is a low ventilation-perfusion ratio?

A

Perfusion exceeds ventilation = shunt exists

Blood bypasses alveoli without gas exchange occuring

25
Q

When would you see low VQ ratio?

A

obstruction of airways (pneumonia, atelectasis, tumor, mucus plug)

26
Q

What is a high ventilation-perfusion ratio?

A

Ventilation exceeds perfusion = dead space
Alveoli does not have adequate blood supply for gas exchange to occur

27
Q

When would you see high V/Q?

A

pulmonary emboli, pulmonary infarction, cardiogenic shock

28
Q

When would you see and absence of ventilation and perfusion?

A

pneumothorax and ARDS

29
Q

Define restrictive lung disease

A

decreased compliance of lung tissue = more effort to expand lungs during inspiration

30
Q

What conditions are included in restrictive lung disease? (7)

A

Aspiration, Atelectasis, Pneumonia, Pleural Effusion, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary Edema, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

31
Q

Define obstructive lung disease

A

airway obstruction that is worse with expiration

32
Q

What conditions are included in obstructive lung diseases?

A

Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Emphysema

N3102: Adult (5 decks)

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