Respiratory Assessment and Interventions Flashcards
what innervates the diaphragm
C3-C5
what are the major muscles of respiration
diaphragm and intercostals
what innervates the intercostals
the intercostal nerves; T1-T11
What are the accessory respiration muscles
SCM Scalenes trapezius pectoralis mm serratus ant erector spinae
what innervates the SCM
C2-4 and CNXI
what innervates the SCALENES
C3-C8
what innervates the TRAPEZIUS
C1-C4 and CNXI
what innervates the PECTORALIS MM.
C5-T1
what innervates the SERRATUS ANT.
C5-C7
what innervates the ERECTOR SPINAE
C1-L5
How does a spinal cord injury effect respiration
decreases vital capacity due to mechanical disadvantage of diaphragm
decreases cough and reduces FEV due to loss of abdominals and intercostals
decreases lung compliance
increases infection and impaired clearing of secretions due to weak cough
decreases chest moblity
decreases coordination of breathing during functional activities
decreases bronchial hygiene
diaphragm fatigability
what is the purpose of an abdominal binder
supports weak abdominal mm. and aids in respirationq
what is the correct placement of the abdominal binder
level of lower rib cage over ASIS
How do you objectively measure vital capacity
have them take their biggest breath and blow into the spriometer
how do you objectively measure tidal volume
measure the normal volume inhaled and exhaled at rest
take avg. of 10 readings on spriometer
how do you objectively measure respiratory rate
typically 16 breaths/min
how do you objectively measure phonation
record number of syllables produced during one inhale and exhale
how do you objectively measure chest expansion
measure the rib cage at the xiphoid process
respiration at C1-2 injury
ventilator dependent; loss in all respiratory muscles and inability to maintain bronchial hygiene
what respiratory muscles are missing at C3-4 injury
pectoralis, serratus ant, abdominals, intercostals, erector spinae
functional loss of respiration at C3-4 injury
weakened diaphragm- goal is to wean them off the vent
decreased cough- unable to clear airways
decreased lung compliance
what respiratory muscles are missing for C5-8 injury
abdominals, intercostals, erector spinae
what is the functional loss of respiration of C5-C8
ineffective cough
difficulty coordinating breathing
decreased intrathoracic pressure
what respiratory muscles are absent at T1-T7
abdominals, intercostals, erector spinae
what is the functional loss of respiration for T1-T7 injury
loss of rib stability
decreased intrathoracic pressure
what is glossopharyngeal breathing
inspiratory muscle training used to increased vital capacity with weak mm of inspiration
technique is to trap air in the buccal cavity by moving the jaw forward and upward in circular opening and closing manner. a series of swallow maneuvers forces air in the lungs to increased vital capacity
contraindications for assisted cough techniques
unstable spine recent fracture osteoporosis abdominal surgery pulmonary embolism
what are some respiratory exercises
deep breathing paced breathing lateral stretch scapular retraction triple breath hold air shifts quick braths number counting
