Respiratory Assessment and Interventions

Question 1

what innervates the diaphragm

Answer 1

C3-C5

Question 2

what are the major muscles of respiration

Answer 2

diaphragm and intercostals

Question 3

what innervates the intercostals

Answer 3

the intercostal nerves; T1-T11

Question 4

What are the accessory respiration muscles

Answer 4

SCM
Scalenes
trapezius
pectoralis mm
serratus ant
erector spinae

Question 5

what innervates the SCM

Answer 5

C2-4 and CNXI

Question 6

what innervates the SCALENES

Answer 6

C3-C8

Question 7

what innervates the TRAPEZIUS

Answer 7

C1-C4 and CNXI

Question 8

what innervates the PECTORALIS MM.

Answer 8

C5-T1

Question 9

what innervates the SERRATUS ANT.

Answer 9

C5-C7

Question 10

what innervates the ERECTOR SPINAE

Answer 10

C1-L5

Question 11

How does a spinal cord injury effect respiration

Answer 11

decreases vital capacity due to mechanical disadvantage of diaphragm
decreases cough and reduces FEV due to loss of abdominals and intercostals
decreases lung compliance
increases infection and impaired clearing of secretions due to weak cough
decreases chest moblity
decreases coordination of breathing during functional activities
decreases bronchial hygiene
diaphragm fatigability

Question 12

what is the purpose of an abdominal binder

Answer 12

supports weak abdominal mm. and aids in respirationq

Question 13

what is the correct placement of the abdominal binder

Answer 13

level of lower rib cage over ASIS

Question 14

How do you objectively measure vital capacity

Answer 14

have them take their biggest breath and blow into the spriometer

Question 15

how do you objectively measure tidal volume

Answer 15

measure the normal volume inhaled and exhaled at rest

take avg. of 10 readings on spriometer

Question 16

how do you objectively measure respiratory rate

Answer 16

typically 16 breaths/min

Question 17

how do you objectively measure phonation

Answer 17

record number of syllables produced during one inhale and exhale

Question 18

how do you objectively measure chest expansion

Answer 18

measure the rib cage at the xiphoid process

Question 19

respiration at C1-2 injury

Answer 19

ventilator dependent; loss in all respiratory muscles and inability to maintain bronchial hygiene

Question 20

what respiratory muscles are missing at C3-4 injury

Answer 20

pectoralis, serratus ant, abdominals, intercostals, erector spinae

Question 21

functional loss of respiration at C3-4 injury

Answer 21

weakened diaphragm- goal is to wean them off the vent
decreased cough- unable to clear airways
decreased lung compliance

Question 22

what respiratory muscles are missing for C5-8 injury

Answer 22

abdominals, intercostals, erector spinae

Question 23

what is the functional loss of respiration of C5-C8

Answer 23

ineffective cough
difficulty coordinating breathing
decreased intrathoracic pressure

Question 24

what respiratory muscles are absent at T1-T7

Answer 24

abdominals, intercostals, erector spinae

Question 25

what is the functional loss of respiration for T1-T7 injury

Answer 25

loss of rib stability

decreased intrathoracic pressure

Question 26

what is glossopharyngeal breathing

Answer 26

inspiratory muscle training used to increased vital capacity with weak mm of inspiration
technique is to trap air in the buccal cavity by moving the jaw forward and upward in circular opening and closing manner. a series of swallow maneuvers forces air in the lungs to increased vital capacity

Question 27

contraindications for assisted cough techniques

Answer 27

unstable spine
recent fracture
osteoporosis
abdominal surgery
pulmonary embolism

Question 28

what are some respiratory exercises

Answer 28

deep breathing
paced breathing
lateral stretch
scapular retraction
triple breath hold
air shifts
quick braths
number counting