Respiratory and pregnancy Flashcards
True or False: Tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and it only affects the lungs.
FALSE….tuberculosis is a contagious bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis that affects the lungs AND other systems of the body like the joints, kidneys, brain, spine, liver etc.
A 55-year old male patient is admitted with an active tuberculosis infection. The nurse will place the patient in ___________________ precautions and will always wear _____________________ when providing patient care?
A. droplet, respirator
B. airborne, respirator
C. contact and airborne, surgical mask
D. droplet, surgical mask
The answer is B. A patient with ACTIVE TB is contagious. The bacterium, mycobacterium tuberculosis which causes TB, is so small that it can stay suspended in the air for hours to days. Therefore, the nurse will place the patient in AIRBORNE precautions. In addition, a special mask must be worn called a respirator (as referred to as an N95 mask…..a surgical mask does NOT work with this condition).
Which statement is correct regarding mycobacterium tuberculosis?
A. This bacterium is an anaerobic type of bacteria.
B. It is an alkali bacterium that stains bright red during an acid-fast smear test.
C. It is known as being an aerobic type of bacteria.
D. It’s an acid-fact bacterium that stains bright green during an acid-fast smear test.
The answer is C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is AEROBIC (it thrives in conditions that are high in oxygen), and it is an ACID-FAST bacterium, which means when it is stained during an acid-fast smear it will turn BRIGHT RED.
Your patient with a diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection needs a bronchoscopy. During transport to endoscopy, the patient will need to wear?
A. N95 mask
B. Surgical mask
C. No special PPE is needed
D. Face mask with shield
The answer is C. Patients with a latent tuberculosis infection are NOT contagious. Therefore, no special PPE is needed for the patient during transport. HOWEVER, if the patient had ACTIVE tuberculosis they would need to wear a surgical mask during transport.
You are assessing your newly admitted patients who are all presenting with atypical signs and symptoms of a possible lung infection. The physician suspects tuberculosis. So, therefore, the patients are being monitored and tested for the disease. Select all the risk factors below that increases a patient’s risk for developing tuberculosis:
A. Diabetes
B. Liver failure
C. Long-term care resident
D. Inmate
E. IV drug user
F. HIV
G. U.S. resident
The answers are C, D, E, and F. Remember from our lecture we discussed the risk factors for developing TB and to remember them I said remember the mnemonic “TB Risk”. It stands for tight living quarters (LTC resident, prison, homeless shelter etc.), below or at the poverty line (homeless), refugee (especially in high risk countries), immune system issue such as HIV, substance abusers (IV drugs or alcohol), Kids less than the age of 5….all these are risk factors.
Your patient is diagnosed with a latent tuberculosis infection. Select all the correct statements that reflect this condition:
A. “The patient will not need treatment unless it progresses to an active tuberculosis infection.”
B. “The patient is not contagious and will have no signs and symptoms.”
C. “The patient will have a positive tuberculin skin test or IGRA test.
D. “The patient will have an abnormal chest x-ray.”
E. “The patient’s sputum will test positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis.”
The answers are B and C. The patient WILL need medical treatment to prevent this case of LBTI from developing into an active TB infection later on. The patient will NOT have an abnormal chest x-ray or a positive sputum test. This is only in active TB.
A 52-year old female patient is receiving medical treatment for a possible tuberculosis infection. The patient is a U.S. resident but grew-up in a foreign country. She reports that as a child she received the BCG vaccine (bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine). Which physician’s order below would require the nurse to ask the doctor for an order clarification?
A. PPD (Mantoux test)
B. Chest X-ray
C. QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT)
D. Sputum culture
The answer is A. Patients who have received the BCG vaccine will have a false positive on a PPD (Mantoux test), which is the tuberculin skin test. The BCG vaccine is a vaccine to prevent TB. It is given in foreign countries to children to prevent TB. Therefore, the person has already been exposed to the bacteria via vaccine and will have a false positive. A QuantiFERON-TB Gold test is a better option for this patient. It is a blood test.
You’re teaching a group of long-term care health givers about the signs and symptoms of tuberculosis. What signs and symptoms will you include in your education?
A. Cough for a minimum of 6 weeks
B. Night sweats
C. Weight gain
D. Hemoptysis
E. Chills
F. Fever
G. Chest pain
The answers are B, D, E, F, and G. Option A is wrong because a cough should be present for 3 weeks or more (NOT 6 weeks). Option C is wrong because the patient will experience weight LOSS (not gain).
A patient has a positive PPD skin test that shows an 8 mm induration. As the nurse you know that:
A. The patient will need to immediately be placed in droplet precautions and started on a medication regime.
B. The patient will need a chest x-ray and sputum culture to confirm the test results before treatment is provided.
C. The patient will need an IGRA test to help differentiate between a latent tuberculosis infection versus an active tuberculosis infection.
D. The patient will need to repeat the skin test in 48-72 hours to confirm the results.
The answer is B. A positive PPD result does NOT necessarily mean the patient has an active infection of TB. The patient will need a chest x-ray and sputum culture to determine if mycobacterium tuberculosis is present and then treatment will be based on those results. The IGRA test does NOT differentiate between LTBI or an active TB infection. Patients are placed in airborne precautions (NOT droplet) if they have ACTIVE TB.
A patient has a PPD skin test (Mantoux test). As the nurse you tell the patient to report back to the office in _________ so the results can be interpreted?
A. 24-48 hours
B. 12-24 hours
C. 48-72 hours
D. 24-72 hours
The answer is C. The patient should report back in 48-72 hours. If they fail to, the test must be repeated.
The physician orders an acid-fast bacilli sputum culture smear on a patient with possible tuberculosis. How will you collect this?
A. Collect 2 different sputum specimens 12 hours apart
B. Collect 3 different sputum specimens (one in the morning, afternoon, and at night)
C. Collect 3 different sputum specimens on 3 different days
D. Collect 2 different sputum specimens on 2 different days
The answer is C. This is how an AFB sputum culture is collected.
A patient is taking Streptomycin. Which finding below requires the nurse to notify the physician?
A. Patient reports a change in vision.
B. Patient reports a metallic taste in the mouth.
C. The patient has ringing in their ears.
D. The patient has a persistent dry cough.
The answer is C. This medication can be very toxic to the ears (cranial nerve 8). Therefore, it is alarming if the patient reports ringing in their ears, which could represent ototoxicity.
What does asthma put the mother at risk for?
- Preterm labor
- Pre-eclampsia
- C-section
- Gestational diabetes
What are some possible adverse effects to the fetus from maternal asthma?
- Low birth weight
- Hypoxia
- Respiratory distress syndrome
- Congenital abnormalities
