Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
upper respiratory tract components in order
right and left nasal cavities/ oral cavity
nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
larynx
lower respiratory tract components in order
trachea R and L main bronchi lobar bronchi segmental bronchi bronchioles alveoli
at which landmark does the URT become the LRT?
at the level of C6
clinical significance of sternal angle
this is the level of costal cartilage 2/ rib 2
what provides arterial blood to the lungs?
bronchial artery (and bronchial vein removes deoxygenated)
where can the trachea be palpated?
the jugular notch of the manubrium
which part of the thyroid gland is anterior to tracheal cartilages 2-4?
isthmus
nerve supply to the diaphragm
C3, C4 and C5
female breast regions
superolateral quadrant (contains the axillary tail which goes way up to the armpit)
superomedial quadrant
inferolateral quadrant
inferomedial quadrant
(There is unilateral drainage from lateral quadrants to axillary nodes, and bilateral drainage from medial quadrants to parasternal nodes).
“winged scapula”
paralysis of serratus anterior (through injury to long thoracic nerve) results in winged scapula
structures that pass through the lung root
main bronchus pulmonary artery 2 pulmonary veins lymphatics visceral afferents sympathetic nerves parasympathetic nerves
right lung surface markings
SVC
azygous vein
heart
diaphragm
left lung surface markings
ribs
aorta
heart
diaphragm
which part of the thyroid gland is anterior to tracheal cartilages 2-4?
isthmus
at what stage does the respiratory tree change from being lines with respiratory epithelium to squamous?
level of the terminal bronchioles/ alveoli
sensory nerve supply to mucosa lining the nasal cavities, pharynx and larynx
nasal cavity: sensory are CN V or CN IX (these receptors are stimulated in sneezing)
pharynx and larynx: CN IX or CN X (stimulated in coughing)
define carotid sheath
what does it contain?
these are tubes of fascia from the skull base to the mediastinum, and transmit the vagus nerve, internal carotid artery, common carotid artery, and internal jugular vein
the intrinsic muscles of the larynx are smooth/ skeletal muscle?
skeletal
(they attach between the cartilages of the larynx, are supplied by branches of the vagus nerves, contract to move the vocal cords, close the rima glottides during coughing)
anatomical course of the phrenic nerves
found in the neck on the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior muscle, in the chest descending over the lateral aspects of the fibrous pericardium anterior to the lung root
It supplies somatic sensory and sympathetic axons to the diaphragm and fibrous pericardium, and motor axons to the diaphragm
accessory muscles of inspiration
pectoralis major (if fixed, can pull ribs up and out) pectoralis minor (can oull ribs 3-5 up towards coracoid process of scapula) sternocleidomastoid scalenus anterior, medius and posterior
rima glottidis
where is this?
The opening between the true vocal cords and the arytenoid cartilages.
It is within the thyroid cartilage, and is the narrowest part of the larynx
anatomy of the vagus nerves
mixed cranial nerves
connect with CNS at medulla
base of skull part is the jugular foramen
descend through neck in carotid sheath
supplies larynx (sensory to mucosa and motor to its intrinsic muscles)
descends through chest posteriorly to the lung root
passes through diaphragm on the oesophagus
branches many times on stomach for foregut and midgut organs
give functions of rectus abdominus muscle
has tendinous intersections (divide each of 2 long flat muscles into 3/4 smaller quadrate muscles - 6/8 pack) - for improved mechanical efficiency
simple pneumothorax
air enters the pleural cavity through an injury to the visceral pleura Classified into small (<2cm between parietal and lung), or large (>2cm).
