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Anatomy Module 2 > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy of Respiratory System

A

Divided into two divisions

Upper tract organs are located outside to of the thorax and consist of the nose, pharynx and larynx.

Lower tract organs consist of trachea, bronchial tree and lungs.

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2
Q

Physiology of Respiratory System

A

The respiratory system functions as an air distributor and gas exchange, sypplying oxygen to and removing carbon dioxide from cells. The respiratory system also warms, filters, and humidifies air.

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3
Q

What is the primary gas exchange structures in the lungs

A

Alveoli are the primary gas exchange structures.

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4
Q

How many lobes in the left lung

A

Left Lung has two lobes, the superior lobe and the inferior lobes and the lobes are separated by 8 functional units

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5
Q

How many lobes are in the right lung

A

The right lung has three lobes, the superior lobe, middle lobe and inferior lobe and the lobes are separated by 10 functional units. The right lung is bigger because it has more functional units and lobes.

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6
Q

External Respiratory Function (Physiology)

A
  • Pulmonary Ventilation

- Pulmonary Gas exchange

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7
Q

Internal Respiratory Function (Physiology)

A
  • Systematic Tissue gas Exchange

- Cellular Respiration

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8
Q

Respiratory Cycles ( Ventilation; breathing). Two phases

A

Inspiration( breathing in) moves air into the lungs

Expiration (breathing out) moves air our of the lungs

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9
Q

Mechanism of Pulmonary Ventilation

A

The pressure of a gas varies inversely with volume at a constant temperature.

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10
Q

Alveolar Gas Exchange

A

Gas exchange with blood takes place by diffusion

The direction of diffusion of a specific gas is determined by the partial pressure gradiant

The pressure gradiant is determined by the concentration gradient

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11
Q

Factors affecting breathing

A

Sensors from the nervous system provide feedback to medullary rhythmicity center

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12
Q

Alveolar Ventilation

A

Air flow to the alveoli

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13
Q

Alveolar Perfusion

A

Blood flow to the alveoli

  • The Efficiency of gas exchange can be maintained by a limited ability to match perfusion to ventilation
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14
Q

Which Three Chemical Levels does the body monitor in order to regulate respiratory rate

A
  • Oxygen
    -Ph
    Carbondioxide
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15
Q

Functions of the Digestive System

A
  • The digestive system prepares food for absorption and use by all the cells of the body
  • Food material not absorbed becomes feces and is eliminated
  • Digestion depends on both endocrine and exocrine secretions and the controlled movement of ingested food materials through the gastrointestinal GI tract
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16
Q

Path of Food through the Body (GI tract)

A

1) Mouth
2) Pharynx
3) Esophogus
4) Stomach
5) Small Intestine
6) Large Intestine

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17
Q

Functions of the Stomach

A
  • Limited absorption
  • Secretes gastric juice to aid in digestion of food
  • Produces Gastrin and ghrelin
18
Q

Organ in Which Majority of Absorption takes place

A

Small Intestine

19
Q

Functions of the liver

A
  • Production of important plasma proteins
  • Storage of substances such as iron and some vitamins
  • Carries out important steps in the metabolizing of proteins, fats and cargohydrates
20
Q

Three accessory digestive organs and how

A

Liver
-Bile secretion: Bile salts are formed in the liver from cholesterol and are the most essential part of bile

Gallbladder

  • Storage of Bile
  • Concentration of bile fivefold to tenfold
  • Ejection of the concentrated bile into duodenum

Pancreas
-Acinar units secrete digestive enzymes

21
Q

Mechanism of Pulmonary Ventilation

A

The pressure of a gas varies inversely with volume at a constant temperature.

22
Q

Alveolar Gas Exchange

A

Gas exchange with blood takes place by diffusion

The direction of diffusion of a specific gas is determined by the partial pressure gradiant

The pressure gradiant is determined by the concentration gradient

23
Q

Factors affecting breathing

A

Sensors from the nervous system provide feedback to medullary rhythmicity center

24
Q

Alveolar Ventilation

A

Air flow to the alveoli

25
Q

Alveolar Perfusion

A

Blood flow to the alveoli

  • The Efficiency of gas exchange can be maintained by a limited ability to match perfusion to ventilation
26
Q

Which Three Chemical Levels does the body monitor in order to regulate respiratory rate

A
  • Oxygen
    -Ph
    Carbondioxide
27
Q

Functions of the Digestive System

A
  • The digestive system prepares food for absorption and use by all the cells of the body
  • Food material not absorbed becomes feces and is eliminated
  • Digestion depends on both endocrine and exocrine secretions and the controlled movement of ingested food materials through the gastrointestinal GI tract
28
Q

Path of Food through the Body (GI tract)

A

1) Mouth
2) Pharynx
3) Esophogus
4) Stomach
5) Small Intestine
6) Large Intestine

29
Q

Functions of the Stomach

A
  • Limited absorption
  • Secretes gastric juice to aid in digestion of food
  • Produces Gastrin and ghrelin
30
Q

Organ in Which Majority of Absorption takes place

A

Small Intestine

31
Q

Functions of the liver

A
  • Production of important plasma proteins
  • Storage of substances such as iron and some vitamins
  • Carries out important steps in the metabolizing of proteins, fats and cargohydrates
32
Q

Three accessory digestive organs and how

A

Liver
-Bile secretion: Bile salts are formed in the liver from cholesterol and are the most essential part of bile

Gallbladder

  • Storage of Bile
  • Concentration of bile fivefold to tenfold
  • Ejection of the concentrated bile into duodenum

Pancreas
-Acinar units secrete digestive enzymes

33
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A
  • Changes ingested food from large particles to small particles to facilitate chemical digestion
  • propels food along digestive tract
  • Eliminates digestive waste from the body
34
Q

Mastication

A
  • Reduces the size of the food particles

- Mixes the food with Saliva in preparation for swallowing

35
Q

Peristalsis

A

A wavelike ripple of the muscle layer of a hollow organ that produces forward movement of matter along the GI tract

36
Q

Segmentation

A

Digestive reflexes causes a back and forth movement within a single segment of the GI tract

37
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Involves changes in the chemical composition of food as it travels through the digestive tract
-breakdown of large molecules into small molecules

These changes are the result of hydrolysis

38
Q

Necessary Chemical for Digestion

A

H2O

39
Q

Why does pancreatic juice contain bicarbonate?

A

Sodium bicarbonate increases the pH for optimal enzyme function, its manufacture also helps restore normal pH of blood.

40
Q

How does absorbed food travels to the liver portal system?

A

Once absorbed, it travels to the liver via the portal system

41
Q

Process of Absorption

A
  • The absorption of nutrients is by the passage of substances through intestinal mucosa into blood or lymph
  • Most nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine

Anatomy Module 2 (1 decks)

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