respiratory Flashcards
difference between cold and flu
weakness and fatigue in flu
flu has rapid onset
flu has fever
3 treatment options for flu
analgesics
decongestants
antihistamines
What analgesic is first line for flu (fever/chills/aches)?
paracetamol
What should included in analgesics for flu?
antipyretic (reduced fever)
How do decongestants work?
constriction of blood vessels in nasal mucosa
relieve nasal stuffiness
3 oral decongestants
ephedrine
pseudoephedrine
phenylephrine
3 types of topical decongestants
ephedrine
oxymetazoline
xylometazoline
side effect of topical and oral decongestants
topical - rebound congestion (avoid long term use)
oral - CNS stimulants (don’t take at night)
contraindications for decongestants
hpt/heart disease - inc BP and stimulates heart
diabetes - inc blood glucose levels
hyperthyroidism
max sale of pseudoephedrine
720mg
(12 x 60mg tabs)
1 pack
How to treat inability to sleep from flu
antihistamines
examples of 2 antihistamines for flu
promethazine and diphenydramine
What do antihistamines do for flu?
reduce rhinorrhea and sneezing
DO NOT reduce nasal congestion
side effects of antihistamines (flu)
drowsiness anticholinergic (dry mouth, constipation, sedation, blurred vision)
contraindications for antihistamines (flu)
severe respiratory disease closed angle glaucoma prostatic hypertrophy epilepsy liver disease
interactions for antihistamines
alcohol - sedation
Types of treatments for cough
antitussives
antihistamines
demulcents
expectorants
example of antitussives
codeine linctus
pholcodine linctus
dextromethorphan
examples of antihistamines (cough)
diphenhydramine
promethazine
triprolidine
How do antihistamines work (cough)?
reduce frequency of cough
How do demulcents work?
sooth and coat the throat
examples of demulcents
glycerin
honey and lemon
How do expectorants work?
stimulate bronchial secretion
liquefying sputum
examples of expectorants
guaifensin
ipecacuanha
ammonium salts
menthol/creosote
cough remedies for diabetics
sugar free
examples of sedative antihistamines for allergic rhinitis
chlorphenamine (Piriton)
promethazine (Phenergan)
examples of non-sedative antihistamines
loratidine
cetirizine
acrivastine
age for chlorphenamine
from 1 year
frequent dosing
what antihistamine is used over 12 years (allergic rhinitis)
acrivastine
drugs in corticosteroid nasal spray for allergic rhinitis
beclometasone and fluticasone
age for corticosteroid nasal spray
over 18 years
side effects of nasal sprays
nasal irritation and dryness
nose bleeds
example of mast cell stabilisers for allergic rhinitis
sodium cromoglycate
How do mast cell stabilisers work?
stabilise mast cells to prevent histamine release
What is the dose for mast cell stabilisers?
4 times a day
What form are mast cell stabilisers in?
intra nasal and intra ocular
age for mast cell stabilisers
6 years
examples of topical antihistamine
Otravine Antistin eye drops
Azelastine nasal spray
What drugs are in Otravine eye drops
antazoline and xylomethazoline (antihistamine and vasoconstrictor)
How long can you use Otravine for?
not more than 7 days
name a POM topical antihistamine nasal spray?
Azelastine
