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OTC > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

difference between cold and flu

A

weakness and fatigue in flu
flu has rapid onset
flu has fever

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2
Q

3 treatment options for flu

A

analgesics
decongestants
antihistamines

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3
Q

What analgesic is first line for flu (fever/chills/aches)?

A

paracetamol

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4
Q

What should included in analgesics for flu?

A

antipyretic (reduced fever)

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5
Q

How do decongestants work?

A

constriction of blood vessels in nasal mucosa

relieve nasal stuffiness

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6
Q

3 oral decongestants

A

ephedrine
pseudoephedrine
phenylephrine

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7
Q

3 types of topical decongestants

A

ephedrine
oxymetazoline
xylometazoline

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8
Q

side effect of topical and oral decongestants

A

topical - rebound congestion (avoid long term use)

oral - CNS stimulants (don’t take at night)

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9
Q

contraindications for decongestants

A

hpt/heart disease - inc BP and stimulates heart
diabetes - inc blood glucose levels
hyperthyroidism

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10
Q

max sale of pseudoephedrine

A

720mg
(12 x 60mg tabs)
1 pack

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11
Q

How to treat inability to sleep from flu

A

antihistamines

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12
Q

examples of 2 antihistamines for flu

A

promethazine and diphenydramine

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13
Q

What do antihistamines do for flu?

A

reduce rhinorrhea and sneezing

DO NOT reduce nasal congestion

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14
Q

side effects of antihistamines (flu)

A 
drowsiness
anticholinergic (dry mouth, constipation, sedation, blurred vision)
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15
Q

contraindications for antihistamines (flu)

A 
severe respiratory disease
closed angle glaucoma
prostatic hypertrophy
epilepsy
liver disease
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16
Q

interactions for antihistamines

A

alcohol - sedation

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17
Q

Types of treatments for cough

A

antitussives
antihistamines
demulcents
expectorants

18
Q

example of antitussives

A

codeine linctus
pholcodine linctus
dextromethorphan

19
Q

examples of antihistamines (cough)

A

diphenhydramine
promethazine
triprolidine

20
Q

How do antihistamines work (cough)?

A

reduce frequency of cough

21
Q

How do demulcents work?

A

sooth and coat the throat

22
Q

examples of demulcents

A

glycerin

honey and lemon

23
Q

How do expectorants work?

A

stimulate bronchial secretion

liquefying sputum

24
Q

examples of expectorants

A

guaifensin
ipecacuanha
ammonium salts
menthol/creosote

25
Q

cough remedies for diabetics

A

sugar free

26
Q

examples of sedative antihistamines for allergic rhinitis

A

chlorphenamine (Piriton)

promethazine (Phenergan)

27
Q

examples of non-sedative antihistamines

A

loratidine
cetirizine
acrivastine

28
Q

age for chlorphenamine

A

from 1 year

frequent dosing

29
Q

what antihistamine is used over 12 years (allergic rhinitis)

A

acrivastine

30
Q

drugs in corticosteroid nasal spray for allergic rhinitis

A

beclometasone and fluticasone

31
Q

age for corticosteroid nasal spray

A

over 18 years

32
Q

side effects of nasal sprays

A

nasal irritation and dryness

nose bleeds

33
Q

example of mast cell stabilisers for allergic rhinitis

A

sodium cromoglycate

34
Q

How do mast cell stabilisers work?

A

stabilise mast cells to prevent histamine release

35
Q

What is the dose for mast cell stabilisers?

A

4 times a day

36
Q

What form are mast cell stabilisers in?

A

intra nasal and intra ocular

37
Q

age for mast cell stabilisers

A

6 years

38
Q

examples of topical antihistamine

A

Otravine Antistin eye drops

Azelastine nasal spray

39
Q

What drugs are in Otravine eye drops

A

antazoline and xylomethazoline (antihistamine and vasoconstrictor)

40
Q

How long can you use Otravine for?

A

not more than 7 days

41
Q

name a POM topical antihistamine nasal spray?

A

Azelastine

OTC (2 decks)

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