Respiratory Flashcards
What are the two zones of the respiratory system?
Respiratory Zone: respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs, alveoli - Where gas exchange takes place.
Conducting Zone - Trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. Dead Space = 150 cc.
Where does ciliated epithelium and smooth muscle exist in the Respiratory system?
In the bronchioles.
What are the two types of pneumocytes?
Type I: structure
Type II: Produce surfactant
What is HPV? Why does it occur?
At less than what oxygen saturation will HPV occur?
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction = Pulmonary vascular response to to hypoxia is vasoconstriction (versus dilation in most vascular beds) Poorly ventilated areas of the lung are perfused less than better ventilated areas.
Less than P(A)O2 <= 70
What is a shunt?
Something that bypasses something else. Portion of pulmonary blood flow not involved in gas exchange. ~2% of C.O.
What is dead space?
A place where air moves but does not participate in gas exchange. About 150cc.
Three zones of the lungs, where are they?
Zone 1 is the bottom near the diaphragm. Zone 2 is the middle section and
Zone 3 is the top Apices.
Because of gravity the bottom gets more blood circulation and as a result gets better ventilation.
What is atelectasis?
Pneumonia?
Collapse of the alveoli
Inflammatory condition of the alveoli.
What is Anthracotic Pigment?
The black streaks seen between lobules of lung beneath the pleural surface are due to the carbonaceous material breathed in from dirty air typical of industrialized regions of the planet. Persons who smoke would have even more of this pigment.
Pleural Pressure during expiration and inspiration?
Small amount of fluid that exists between the visceral pleura(lung pleura) and the parietal pleura(chest wall pleura).
Expiration -5cm H2O
Inspiration -7cm H2O (pulls on the surface of the lung.)
What is a pneumothorax? A tension pneumothorax?
When air gets between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura, gets into the chest cavity.
When the amount of air in the chest increases markedly when a one-way valve is formed by an area of damaged tissue, leading to a tension pneumothorax, tracheal deviation.
What is a hemothorax?
Blood in the Pleural space.
what is a pleural effusion?
excess fluid that accumulates between the two pleural layers
what is a chylothorax
when lymph fluid fills the pleural space.
What is pleuritis?
inflammation of the pleura
