respiratory Flashcards
Define Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
A common progressive disorder characterised by airway obstruction with little or no reversibility
what is the Fev 1 in copd
what is the FVC in copd
less than 80% predicted
less than 0.7
what 2 conditions do copd include?
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
features of a pink puffer in copd?
) Increased alveolar ventilation
- Near normal PaO2
- Normal/low PaCO2
- Breathless
- Not cyanosed
features of a blue bloater in copd?
- Decreased alveolar ventilation
- Low PaO2
- High PaCO2
- Cyanosed
- Not breathless
what may pink puffers progress too?
Type 1 respiratory failure
what may blue bloaters progress too?
cor pulmonale
symptoms of copd?
Cough
Sputum
Dyspnoea
Wheeze
signs of copd?
Tachypnoea Use of accessory muscles of respiration Hyperinflation Decreased cricosternal distance Decreased expansion Resonant/hyperresonant percussion note Quiet breath sounds Wheeze
3 complications of copd?
cute exacerbations Infection Polycythaemia Respiratory failure Cor pulmonale
tests for copd?
cxr-hyperinflation
ct-scarring
ecg-Right atrial and ventricular hypertrophy (cor pulmonale)
ABG-Decreased PaO2 +/- hypercapnia
treatment for copd
1) SAMA (ipratroprium) or SABA (salbutamol)
2) LAMA (tiotropium) or LABA (formoterol)
3) Combination LABA with corticosteroids (budenoside) or tiotropium
4) LAMA (tiotropium) and inhaled steroid and LABA
lifestyle advice? ) Smoking cessation - Exercise, diet - Lose weight - Vaccinations
what is ashma characterised by?t
Recurrent episodes of dyspnoea, cough and wheeze caused by reversible obstruction
3 factors that contribute to airway narrowing in asthma?
Bronchial muscle contraction
Mucosal swelling/inflammation
Increased mucus
3 symptoms of asthma?
Intermittent dyspnoea
Wheeze
Cough (often nocturnal)
Sputum
