respiratory Flashcards
Treatment for the life threatening Hyperkalaemia?
- Calcium
- Insulin/dextrose
- Terbutaline
What is the progression of CKD clincial signs?
- None
- PU/PD and/or wieght loss –> uraemic syndrome +/- anaemia
What are teh goals of Oxygen therapy?
- SpO2 >95%
- PaO2 >80mmHg
- Less work to breath
- Less distress
- Resolution of cyanosis
What are the indications to when to intubate and ventilate?
- Severe hypoemia despite O2 supplementation
- PaO2 < 60mmHg, SpO2 <90%
- Severe hypercapnea
- PaCO2 = >60mmHg
- Increased work of breathing and sustained respiratory distress
- You think they might die.
What Diagnostics if we have a urethral Obstruction?
- Imaging of the bladder and urethra
- Rads
- US
- Urinalysis and Culture&S
- Often hypersthenuric >1.030Dogs, >1.035Cats
- Struvite = alkaline
- CaOxalate = Acidic
- Often hypersthenuric >1.030Dogs, >1.035Cats
- Treatment Goals
- Address life threating hyperkalaemia (Prior to sedation/anaesthesia)
- Calcium Gluconate (protect mypocardium)
- Insulin + Glucose/dextrose
- Sodium bicarb
- Ternutaline
- Unblock
- IV fluid diuresis
- Address life threating hyperkalaemia (Prior to sedation/anaesthesia)
If a dogs Nasal planum has become depigmentation what could cause this?
Mucopurulent nasal discharge
unilateral
Epistaxix
Aspergillosis fumigatus (Fungal rhinosinusitis ) DOGS
Turbinate loss
Whife fungle plaques
Treatment- Clotrimazole cream & Oral antifungal meds
What causes the noise Stridor in dogs?
Laryngeal paresis
What is Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome? (BOAS)
- Stenotic nares
- Hypoplastic trachea
- Elongated soft palate
- Large Tongue
Localise the lesion
- Nasal Discharge
- REverse Sneeezing
- Stridor
- Cough
- Nasal Discharge
- Nasal passage disease
- REverse Sneeezing
- Nasopharyngeal
- Stridor
- Laryngeal or tracheal disease
- Cough
- Airways, lungs
If an animal has Hypercalcaemia what could be causing this ?
Treat as an emergency why?
- Hypercalcaemia
- PTH related peptide associated tumors
- Lymphoma (mainly t cell)
- Anal Sac adenocarcinoma
- Multiple myeloma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Mammary gland carcinoma
- Thyroid carcinoma
- PTH related peptide associated tumors
- Cause irreversible nephrocalcinosis leading to renal failure
Treatment
- IV fluids diuresis
- Frusemide
- Glucocorticoids
What drugs can you use if a dog is anxious with a urt obstruction?
- Anxiolysis
- Acepromaziine
- Butorphanol
- Trazadone
What are some causes of acute kidney injury?
- Ethylene Glycol
- Lilly Ingestion (Cats only)
- Grapes and Raisins
- NSAIDS
- Iatrogenic
- Aminoglycosides eg gentamicin
- ACE inhibitors (used for cardiac disease)
- Bacterial Pyelonephritis
If we have a dog with suspected urethral Obstruction (Lower urinary tract signs & Large inexpressible urinary bladder) what are teh 3 diagnostic tests we need to do?
- Bloods
- Potassium (High can be bad if anaesthesia)
- BUN/Creatinine
- Acid-Base status
- ECG
- Due to changes to hyperkalaemia
- Access underlying/concurrent disease
- Full Bloods
- Determine the cause of Uurethral Obstruction
How do you treat Prostatitis in intact dogs/
- Treat at least 4 weeks if acute, 4-6 weeks chronic
- Choose antimicrobials that penetrate the prostrate
- Fluoroquinolones eg enrofloxacin, pradofloxacin
- MUST ALSO NEUTER the dog surgically or chemically
- Surgical is faster reolution
- Treat with abx 5-7days
MCV on bloods stands for
MCHC
- Mean Corpuscular volume
- microcytic
- Normocytic
- Macrocytic
- MCHC
- Hypochromic
- Hyperchromic
- Normochromic
What are the most common lower respiratory bacterial pathogens in dogs and cats?
- Dogs
- Bordertella bronchiseptica, mycoplasma spp
- Cats
- Bordetella bronchisptica, pasteurella spp, Mycoplasma spp