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Anatomy > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

vertebra where larynx becomes trachea, and pharynx becomes oesophagus?

A

at the level of C6

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2
Q

which region type gets its own blood/lymphatics/nerve?

A

bronchopulmonary segment and their respective lobes

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3
Q

the skeleton components of larynx?

A

epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, and 2x arytenoid cartilage.

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4
Q

the entrance to the larynx called?

A

laryngeal inlet

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5
Q

from a superior view, what is the narrowest structure of larynx, with the two components?

A

glottis (uncertain), and it is composed of rima glottidis (opening) and vocal cords

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6
Q

list ribs types and numbers?

A

1-7 real, 8-10 false, 11-12 floating

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7
Q

sternal angle level

A

rib 2

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8
Q

type of cartilage in sternocostal joints?

A

synovial

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9
Q

describe in detail the rib and its articulations?

A

head: body of the vertebra
neck
rib tubercle: transverse process of vertebra
shaft/body
rib angle (shaft slightly changes)
the costal groove (inferiorly deep in costal ribs)

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10
Q

list the main intercostal muscles from superficial to deep:

A

external
internal
innermost

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11
Q

what part of the thyroid is anterior to tracheal cartilages 2-4?

A

isthmus

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12
Q

breast tissue main function?

A

lactation

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13
Q

viscera meaning?

A

vital organs

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14
Q

where does the intercostal neuro-vascular bundle lie between?

A

internal and innermost intercostal muscle layers

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15
Q

nerve supply from which rami for intercostal spaces

A

anterior ramus (ventral)

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16
Q

blood supply of intercostal structures?

A

posterior:
thoracic aorta
azygous vein

anterior:
Internal thoracic artery, internal thoracic vein both run along the sternum and originate from subclavian

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17
Q

diaphragm nerve supply?

A

c3-5 anterior rami and runs above lateral heart aspects (supplies fibrous pericardium)

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18
Q

diaphragm attachment to which bones?

A

L1-L3 bodies, sternum, lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages

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19
Q

what is a costal margin?

A

it is the two imaginary lines drawn in a diagonal way for the inferior parts of the anterior chest.

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20
Q

where does the breast tissues drain (lymph)?

A

medial quadrants parasternal nodes

lateral quadrants axillary nodes

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21
Q

what is the delto-pectoral groove and what major structure passes through it?

A

between the deltoid and pactoralis major, and cephalic vein passes through it.

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22
Q

what are the muscles in the anteriolateral chest wall?

A 
serratus anterior (long thoracic nerve c5-c7, when paralysis--> winged scapula) goes like the exam of chest expansion
latissimus dorsi, goes like a line in the axillary area
23
Q

a muscle attached to scapula and runs along neck?

A

scalenus anterior, posterior and medius

24
Q

nerve supplement of brachial muscles

A

brachial plexus c5-c8 and T1

25
Q

what are the anterior intercostal arteries and veins arise from and where are they?

A

they arise from the internal thoracic branches, and run around the cage through the intercostal spaces

26
Q

what is the costdiaphramtic recess (costophrenic)?

A

it is a space in the pleural cavity in the most inferiolateral part.

27
Q

what is the costophrenic angle? and why is it important?

A

it is the most inferiolateral part of the costophrenic recess.
usually the place where haemothorax or pleural effusion liquids will show up on CXR

28
Q

parietal pleura regions?

A

cervical, costal, medistinal, diaphragmtic

29
Q

what structures are in the root of lung?

A

main bronchus, a pulmonary artery, and 2 pulmonary veins. also, lymphatics, visecral afferents, sym. nerves and parasym. nerves

30
Q

what is the inferior part of the upper lobe?

A

lingula

31
Q

anatomical markers for ascultaion?

A

apex of lungs, superior to medial 1/3 of calvicule
middle lobe, ribs 2-4 in mid calvicular (horizontal fissure at rib 4, and oblique fissure rib 6 and goes laterally to t3
base: at scabular line T11

32
Q

what are the main stages of coughing?

A

stimulation of sensory receptors
coordination by CNS of
inspiration–>closure of rima glottidis–> increase abdominthoracic pressure –> opening of rima glottidis–>opening of airway through mouth

33
Q

where are the receptors stimulated in the resp system in coughing?

A

oropharanx, larngopharngeal area , larengyal mucosa (CN IX and X) and respiratory tree

34
Q

which nerves stimulated in sneezing?

A

CN V and CN IX

35
Q

what is the carotid sheaths, where does it lie and what does it contain?

A

protective tube of the cervical deep fascia
attach superiorly to the bones of the skull and inferiorly joins with the medistinum
contain: Vagus nerve, internal carotid and common carotid arteries and internal jugular vein

36
Q

affrent and effrent?

A

arrives and exits CNS

37
Q

how are the motor axons from CNS connected to resp tree?

A

they run from tracheal bifurication along the branches of resp tree, to supply all glands and SM

38
Q

how are affrent neurons connected with CNS?

A

from viscreal pleura and resp tree they travel to the pulmonary plexus (symp, parasymp., Viscreal affrents) then follow vagus nerve to the medulla of brain stem.

39
Q

which ribs does pactoralis minor attach and pull?

A

ribs 3-5

40
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

attaches to sternum-calvicule junction, and mastoid of temporal bone.

41
Q

what type of muscles in the larynx and where do they attach and what is there neuro supplement?

A

skeletal muscles and attach between cartilage and supplied by vagal motor branches

42
Q

which parts of resp. does the vagus nerve supply?

A

larynx (Somatic motor, somatic sensory), resp tree (pulmonary plexus),

43
Q

does the vagus nerve pass through diaphragm ?

A

yes, on the oesaphgous

44
Q

name the 4 main abdominal muscles

A

rectus abdominis

external oblique–> internal oblique–>transverse abdominus

45
Q

what is the linea semilunaris?

A

where muscle fibres end and become aponeurosis

46
Q

what is an aponeurosis?

A

flattened tendon

47
Q

attachment of external oblique muscle?

A

superiorly to the superficial aspects of lower ribs

inferiorly to the illiac crest (superior angle of ilium) and pupic tubercle (pointy feature in the anterior of pupis)

48
Q

what is the linea alba ?

A

a linear line where the left and right aponeurosises meet.

49
Q

attachment of internal oblique?

A

superiorly to the inferior border of the ribs

inferiorly to illiac crest and the thoracolumbar fascia of the lower back

50
Q

attachment of the transverse abdominis?

A

superiorly to the deep aspects of lower ribs

inferiorly to the illiac crest and thoracolumbar fascia of the lower back

51
Q

what is the rectus sheath?

A

a cover of aponeurosis on the recuts abdominis
formed by the aponeurosises of the three abdominal wall muscles, (the external and internal anteriorly, and internal and transverse posteriorly)

52
Q

why does 6-pack and so on form and what is it ?

A

it is a tendon interactions for improved mechincal efficiency

53
Q

what are the parts of the medistinum?

A

superior ends at T4, anterior, posterior and middle (cardiac)

Anatomy (4 decks)

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