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Buzzwords > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural effusion

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2
Q

Right-sided chest pain

A

Most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat wings, kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion

A

Pulmonary Oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis or Respiratory Distress Syndrome of newborn

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5
Q

Ziehl-Neelson stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

Tuberculosis

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6
Q

Apical disease

A

Most likely (secondary) TB

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7
Q

Apical Lesion

A

Assmann Focus

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8
Q

Miliary TB

A

Spread of organism into bloodstream.
Pulmonary artery -> miliary dissemination into liver
Pulmonary vein -> systemic dissemination to liver, spleen and kidneys.

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with bird as pet

A

Chlamydophila psittica

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad

A

Legionella pneumophila

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12
Q

Tall, thin young man who “just went out for a smoke” (WEED)

A

Probably pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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13
Q

Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy, Erythema nodosum, Non-caseating granulomas, Fatigue, Uveitis, Weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

D sign on X-ray

A

Empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple” sign on X-ray

A

Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

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17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with co-trimoxazole [+prednisolone if severe])

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19
Q

Asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s Triad

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20
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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21
Q

Red jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

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22
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia Psittica

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23
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

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24
Q

Cannonball metastases (+weight loss +haematuria)

A

Classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

25
Q

Morning headache

A

Hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

26
Q

ACTH-secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

27
Q

Small cell carcinoma

A

Neuroendocrine, highly malignant and may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes.

28
Q

PTH-secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

29
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoidosis

30
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

Silicosis

31
Q

‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

Macrophages that absorbed haemosiderin found in chronic pulmonary oedema + associated with LVHF. Also seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension.

32
Q

Ghon Focus

A

Area of infection and caseous necrosis at periphery of lung, beneath pleura (found in TB).

33
Q

Tuberculous pleurisy

A

GF rupture through visceral pleura into pleural cavity.

34
Q

Coin Lesion on chest radiographs

A

Rounded solitary lesion= Primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, Metastatic tumour (kidney), Bronchial hamartoma, Carcinoid tumour, Granulomatous inflammation, Lung abscess.

35
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

Pancoast tumour or spread to intrathoracic nodes. Signs= ptosis, enophthalmos, miosis + lack of sweating on ipsalateral side.

36
Q

Thumbprint sign on head X-ray

A

Epiglottitis

37
Q

Inspiratory whoop/ barking cough

A

Pertussis

38
Q

Snow storm appearance on X-ray

A

Baritosis or Silicosis

39
Q

Non-smoker + lung cancer

A

(Peripheral) Adenocarcinoma

40
Q

Squamous + Small-cell lung cancers

A

Central

41
Q

High D-dimers

A

Suspect (but not diagnose) PE (send for CTPA or V/Q scan)

42
Q

Low D-dimers

A

More than likely not PE

43
Q

Large PE

A

Thrombolysis and anti-coagulate

44
Q

Small PE

A

Low Molecular Weight Heparin

45
Q

Palpable reference used in BEC

A

Xiphoid process

46
Q

Site for decompressing tension pneumothorax

A

2nd intercostal space, above the rib

47
Q

Site of Oblique fissure anteriorly

A

Rib 6

48
Q

Site of Oblique fissure posteriorly

A

T3 vertebra

49
Q

Site of horizontal fissure

A

Right 4th rib

50
Q

Level of carina

A

Rib 2

51
Q

Auscultation of Middle Lobe

A

Between the right 4th and 6th rib

52
Q

Auscultation of lung base

A

T11 vertebra

53
Q

Site of lung apex

A

Superior to clavicle

54
Q

Palpable within jugular notch

A

Trachea

55
Q

Level which Lower Respiratory tract begins

A

C6 vertebra

56
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Accessory muscle of respiration, found in neck.

57
Q

Diaphragm

A

Major inspiratory muscle in a sheet, containing crura.

58
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Thoracic muscles involved in active expiration.

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