Respiratory Flashcards
Action
Mucolytic agent; also used as antedote in acetaminophen overdose
Side effects
N/V, rhinorrhea, mucorrhea, bronchospasm
Nursing
Store product in refrigerator
Bad taste may be masked by mixing w/soft drink when using as antidote
Acetylcysteine
Action
Bronchodilator
Side effects
Anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, headache, seizures, tachycardia, cardiac dysrhythmias, nausea, , epigastric pain, hematemesis, gastroesophageal reflux, tachypnea
Nursing
- Do not crush sustained-release preparation; contents of pellet-containing capsules may be sprinkled over food
- Avoid caffeine; use with caution in peptic ulcer disease or cardiac dysrhythmias
- Metabolism is affected by other medications (erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, cimetidine, rifampin); monitor serum concentrations.
theopylline
aminophylline
Action
Antihistamine; blocks allergic response through histamine receptor blockage
Side effects
Drowsiness, confusion, dry mouth, constipation urinary retention, blurred vision, increased viscosity of respiratory secretions
Nursing
- avoid use with alcohol or other CNS depressants
- avoid driving and other hazardous activities
azatadine
(Also available in numerous allergy and cold preparations
Action
Beta2-receptor agonists; cause bronchodilation, smooth muscle relaxation
Side effects
Common: anxiety, headache, insomnia, dizziness, restlessness, tachycardia
Rare: cardiac palpitations, angina or chest pain, cardiac dysrhythmias
Nursing
- use with caution in cardiac disease
- teach patient that paradoxic bronchospasm may occur, and if so to stop drug immediately and call health care provider
- teach proper use of metered dose inhaler to achieve an appropriate therapeutic response
albuterol (Provental, Ventoli
Action
Causes bronchodiation; used in prevention of exercise-induced asthma
Side effects
Tremors, anxiety, insomnia, headach, dry mouth, bronchospasm
Nursing
- avoid use OTC medications; overstimulation may occur
- use with caution in cardiac disorders, hyperthyroidism, hypertension, and narrow-angle glaucoma
salmeterol (Sevrevent)
Long-acting beta2- receptor agonists
Action
Antiinflammatory agents
Side effects
Short-term: sodium and water retention, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, euphoria
Nursing
- do not discontinue medication abruptly; dosage must be tapered slowly
- have patient carry ID signaling steroid use
- take with food or milk to minimize stomach upset
prednisone, methylprednisolone (Medrol)
hydrocortisone (Cortel)
(Corticosteroids)
Side effects
Long-term: Osteoporosis, increased susceptibility to infection, poor wound healing, bruising, thinning of skin, Cushingoid weight distributio, cataracts glaucoma, peptic ulcer disease, myopathy, muscle weakness, suppression of endogenous gluccorticoid production
fluticasone (Flovent)
Inhaled corticosteroid
Action
Beta1- and beta2- receptor agonist; cause bronchodilation and cardiac stimulation; alpha1-agonist activity may cause vasoconstriction
Side effects
Tachycardia, palpitations, angina, chest pain, myocardial infarction, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, restlessness, agitation, anxiety
Nursing implications
Use with extreme caution in cardiac disease; do not use in conjunction with OTC cough or cold preparations; do not use discolored preparation
epinephrine (Adrenalin, others)
Action
Antituberculer agent
Side effects
Optic neuritis, blurred vision or decreased visual acuity, hyperuricemia, exacerbation of gout drowsiness, confusion, GI effects, hepatotoxicity, throbocytopenia
Nursing
Patient should have baseline visual examination at start of therapy
Emphasize that long-term therapy is required for cure
ethambutol (Myambutol)
Action
Antitubercular agent
Side effects
Peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity, SLE- like syndrome, hyperglycemia, bone marrow suppression
Nursing
Monitor liver function
Emphasize that long-term therapy is required
Instruct patient to report numbness or tingling of extremities
ioniazid (INH, others)
Action
Interferes with the synthesis, or blocks the action, of leukotrienes, causing both bronchodilatior and antiinflammatory effects; for long-term treatment of asthma
Side effects
- Hepatic dysfunction, systemic eosinophilia, headache, infection, nausea, asthenia (abnormal weakness), abdominal pain
- Tiredness, fever, abdominal pain, dizziness
- Headache, abdominal pain, asthenia, dyspepsia
Nursing
Monitor for eosinophilia, worsening pulmonary symptoms, cardiac complications, and neuropathy
Administer after meals for GI symptoms
Leukotriene modifiers; leukotriene receptor antagonists
- zafirlukast (Accolate)
- montelukast (Singulair)
Leukotriene synthesis inhibitors
3. zileuton (Zyflo)
Action
Vasoconstrictor, used for nasal congestion
Side effect
Local nasal irritation, dryness, rebound congestion
Nursing
Do not use for more than 4 consecutive days to minimize rebound congestion
oxymetazoline (Afrin, others)
Action
Antitubercular agent
Side effects
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, hypersensitivity reactions, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
Nursing
Take with food. Discard if discolored.
Use with caution in peptic ulcer disease or congestive heart failure.
Emphasize that long-term therapy is required.
para-aminosalicylate sodium (PAS)
Action
Expectorant, mucokinetic agent
Side effects
Hypersensitivity, rash, metallic taste, burning in mouth or throat, GI irritation, headache, parotitis, hyperkalemia
Nursing
Should not be used by pregnant women.
Mix with fruit juice to to mask taste
potassium iodide (many; and numerous combo preparations)
Action
Antitubercular agent
Side effect
Hyperuricemia, exacerbation o gout, hepatotoxicity
Nursing implications
Monitor liver function tests and serum uric acid levels.
Instruct patient not to use alcohol.
Emphasize that long-term therapy is required.
pyra zinamide (pms-Pyrazinamide)
