Respiratory

Question 1

Hypercarbia

Answer 1

Retention of CO2

Question 2

Are you breathing fast or slow with hypercarbia?

Answer 2

Slow

Question 3

Loss of sensitivity to high levels of CO2

Answer 3

CO2 narcosis

Question 4

New onset of crackles/decreased breath sounds

Answer 4

Absorption atelectasis

Question 5

Which O2 delivery device doesn’t provide enough flow to meet total oxygen and air volume?

Answer 5

Nasal cannula

Question 6

Nasal cannula flow rate

Answer 6

1-6 L/min

Question 7

Nasal cannula O2 concentration

Answer 7

24-44%

Question 8

Why doesn’t a flow rate of >6 increase O2 with NC?

Answer 8

Because anatomical dead space is full

Question 9

What device won’t increase RR or depth?

Answer 9

NC

Question 10

Simple facemask flow rate

Answer 10

Minimum of 5 L/min

Question 11

FIO2 of simple facemask

Answer 11

40-60%

Question 12

Partial Rebreather flow rate

Answer 12

6-11 L/min

Question 13

Partial rebreather FIO2

Answer 13

60-75%

Question 14

Exhaled tidal volume with partial rebreather

Answer 14

1/3

Question 15

Highest O2 level device

Answer 15

Non-rebreather

Question 16

FIO2 with non-rebreather

Answer 16

> 90%

Question 17

When is a non-rebreather used?

Answer 17

For unstable pts who will soon be intubated. If they are requiring that much FIO2 they will wear out.

Question 18

High flow O2 devices FIO2 and flow rate

Answer 18

24-100% at 8-15 L/min

Question 19

Best device for chronic lung dz

Answer 19

Venturi mask

Question 20

Which device delivers precise O2 concentration?

Answer 20

Venturi mask

Question 21

How do pts on venturi mask eat?

Answer 21

Switch to NC

Question 22

Why are T pieces used most often?

Answer 22

To ensure humidification

Question 23

Noninvasive positive pressure vents

Answer 23

BiPAP & CPAP

-Keeps alveoli open to improve gas exchange w/out airway intubation

Question 24

What is BiPAP used for

Answer 24

To keep someone from being intubated or right after they’re extubated

Question 25

What is CPAP used for

Answer 25

Sleep apnea, atelectasis after sx, cardiac-induced pulmonary edema

Question 26

Criteria for Home O2 therapy

Answer 26

-Room air sat of

Question 27

Why is it easier to wean a pt off a vent from a trach than with an et tube?

Answer 27

Decreasing the dead space. The et tube is long so every time they breathe they have to overcome pressure

Question 28

What should trach cuff pressure be?

Answer 28

About 20

Question 29

How to do oral care w/ trach

Answer 29

Avoid glycerin swabs or mouthwash with alcohol

Question 30

When is the trach cuff deflated?

Answer 30

When pt can manage secretions, and doesn't need assisted ventilation

Question 31

Odynophagia

Answer 31

Hurts to swallow

Question 32

Inflammation of nasal mucosa

Answer 32

Rhinitis

Question 33

Sinusitis is usually caused by what?

Answer 33

Strep pneumonia, haemophilus flu, diplococcus, bacteroides

Question 34

Inflammation of pharyngeal mucous membranes

Answer 34

Sore throat, pharyngitis

Question 35

Tonsillitis

Answer 35

Airborne, bacterial, ABX for 7-10 days, sx

Question 36

Complication of strep

Answer 36

Epiglottitis

Question 37

RAT

Answer 37

Rapid antigen test for strep, results in 15 mins

Question 38

Causes of rhinitis

Answer 38

Hay fever, allergies

Question 39

Alternative therapy for rhinitis

Answer 39

Vitamin C and zinc

Question 40

Nonsx management of sinusitis

Answer 40

- Broad spectrum ABX - Steam humidification - Saline irrigations - Hot wet packs over sinuses

Question 41

Tx for peritonsillar abscess

Answer 41

Percutaneous needle aspiration of abscess and abx

Question 42

Possible edema of vocal cords w/ what?

Answer 42

Laryngitis

Question 43

Aphonia

Answer 43

Temporary voice loss

Question 44

S/S of laryngitis

Answer 44

Acute hoarseness, dry cough, dysphagia, aphonia

Question 45

Antivirals w/ flu

Answer 45

May be effective if started within 24-48 hrs of s/s