Respiratory Flashcards
Hypercarbia
Retention of CO2
Are you breathing fast or slow with hypercarbia?
Slow
Loss of sensitivity to high levels of CO2
CO2 narcosis
New onset of crackles/decreased breath sounds
Absorption atelectasis
Which O2 delivery device doesn’t provide enough flow to meet total oxygen and air volume?
Nasal cannula
Nasal cannula flow rate
1-6 L/min
Nasal cannula O2 concentration
24-44%
Why doesn’t a flow rate of >6 increase O2 with NC?
Because anatomical dead space is full
What device won’t increase RR or depth?
NC
Simple facemask flow rate
Minimum of 5 L/min
FIO2 of simple facemask
40-60%
Partial Rebreather flow rate
6-11 L/min
Partial rebreather FIO2
60-75%
Exhaled tidal volume with partial rebreather
1/3
Highest O2 level device
Non-rebreather
FIO2 with non-rebreather
> 90%
When is a non-rebreather used?
For unstable pts who will soon be intubated. If they are requiring that much FIO2 they will wear out.
High flow O2 devices FIO2 and flow rate
24-100% at 8-15 L/min
Best device for chronic lung dz
Venturi mask
Which device delivers precise O2 concentration?
Venturi mask
How do pts on venturi mask eat?
Switch to NC
Why are T pieces used most often?
To ensure humidification
Noninvasive positive pressure vents
BiPAP & CPAP
-Keeps alveoli open to improve gas exchange w/out airway intubation
What is BiPAP used for
To keep someone from being intubated or right after they’re extubated
What is CPAP used for
Sleep apnea, atelectasis after sx, cardiac-induced pulmonary edema
Criteria for Home O2 therapy
-Room air sat of
Why is it easier to wean a pt off a vent from a trach than with an et tube?
Decreasing the dead space. The et tube is long so every time they breathe they have to overcome pressure
What should trach cuff pressure be?
About 20
How to do oral care w/ trach
Avoid glycerin swabs or mouthwash with alcohol
When is the trach cuff deflated?
When pt can manage secretions, and doesn’t need assisted ventilation
Odynophagia
Hurts to swallow
Inflammation of nasal mucosa
Rhinitis
Sinusitis is usually caused by what?
Strep pneumonia, haemophilus flu, diplococcus, bacteroides
Inflammation of pharyngeal mucous membranes
Sore throat, pharyngitis
Tonsillitis
Airborne, bacterial, ABX for 7-10 days, sx
Complication of strep
Epiglottitis
RAT
Rapid antigen test for strep, results in 15 mins
Causes of rhinitis
Hay fever, allergies
Alternative therapy for rhinitis
Vitamin C and zinc
Nonsx management of sinusitis
- Broad spectrum ABX
- Steam humidification
- Saline irrigations
- Hot wet packs over sinuses
Tx for peritonsillar abscess
Percutaneous needle aspiration of abscess and abx
Possible edema of vocal cords w/ what?
Laryngitis
Aphonia
Temporary voice loss
S/S of laryngitis
Acute hoarseness, dry cough, dysphagia, aphonia
Antivirals w/ flu
May be effective if started within 24-48 hrs of s/s
