Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

X Pediatrics Final > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is croup/laryngotracheobronchitis?

A

Inflammation of the larynx and subglottic airway

Kids 6-36 mos old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is most common etiology of croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Presentation of croup

A

Barking cough (seal-like), hoarseness, inspiratory stridor (because of subglottic narrowing), stuffy nose (coryza)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What will you see on an X-ray in croup?

A

Steeple sign (useful when dx is unclear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Different levels of croup

A

Mild: no stridor at rest
Moderate: stridor and some retractions
Severe: stridor, retractions and agitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Management of moderate group

A

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone .6 mg/kg PO/IM or IV)

Can also use nebulized racemic epi (observe for 3-4 hrs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is epiglottitis an emergency?

A

It can lead to life-threatening airway obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the etiology of epiglottitis?

A

Bacterial: H. flu type B is most common in kids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Presentation of epiglottitis

A

Sudden onset of high fever (>38.5 C-101.3 F) and sore throat
3Ds (dysphagia, drooling and distress-tripod or sniffing positions)
Hot potato voice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What will you see on the x-ray for epiglottitis?

A

Thumb sign (need direct laryngoscopy for definitive dx)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Management of epiglottitis

A

Airway management!

3rd gen cephalosporin (ceftriaxone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is tracheomalacia?

A

Floppy trachea and abnormal collapse due to inadequate supporting cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Presentation of tracheomalacia

A

Recurrent hard, barking cough and stridor (typically expiration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is the peak incidence of foreign body aspiration?

A

12-24 mos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When should you suspect a foreign body aspiration?

A

Abrupt onset of cough (followed by tachypnea and stridor), choking, wheezing or cyanosis in previously healthy kid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you diagnose FBA is no object seen on CXR?

A

Perform rigid bronchoscopy (diagnostic and curative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can happen to a kid who did not have proper management of FBA?

A

Pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What bacterial pathogen causes pertussis?

A

Bordatella pertussis (also causes bronchitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a catch phrase for pertussis?

A

Cough of 100 days

It has 3 distinct phases of sxs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the phases of pertussis?

A

Catarrhal: URI sxs and low fever- 1-2 wks
Paroxysmal: persistent cough, inspiratory whoop, post-tussive emesis- 2-6 wks
Convalescent (recovering): cough gradually resolves- wks to months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the gold standard diagnosis of pertussis?

A

Nasal culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Management of pertussis

A

Supportive care and abx (macrolides like azithro or clarithro or maybe bactrim)
Might need to hospitalize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is bronchiolitis?

A

Lower respiratory tract infection affecting small airways in kids < 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most common etiology of bronchiolitis?

A

Viral- RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Presentation of bronchiolitis?
Low grade fever, cough, respiratory distress (tachypnea, retractions, wheezing, crackles) Usually have URI sxs 1-3 days before
26
What might you see on a CXR for bronchiolitis?
Peribronchial thickening
27
Management of non-severe bronchiolitis
Anticipatory guidance and follow up in 1-2 days (hydrate, nasal suctioning etc)
28
Management of severe bronchiolitis
ER or hospital admission
29
When is RSV seen most?
November-April but peaks Jan/Feb
30
Presentation of RSV
Primary infection of infants/young kids (URI sxs, LRT infection, apnea) Secondary infection in older kids (URI sxs)
31
Management or RSV
Mostly just supportive care (fluid, respiratory support-bronchodilators and steroids not recommendeD)
32
What are important ways to prevent RSV?
Wash hands and avoid ppl with it (prophylaxis with palivizumab)
33
What causes cystic fibrosis?
Abnormal trans membrane chloride transport | most common fatal autosomal recessive disease in US
34
Presentation of CF
Meconium ileus in some, respiratory sxs (persistent/productive cough) and FTT
35
How do you diagnose CF?
Sweat chloride testing > 60 meq/L
36
What is the most common cause of bronchiectasis
CF in kids | Abnormal dilation and distortion of bronchial tree btw
37
Sxs of bronchiectasis
Chronic cough with purulent sputum
38
What tests can you do to see bronchiectasis?
PFTS: obstructive pattern CXR: dilated, thickened airways (tram tracks or ring shadows)
39
Tx for bronchiectasis
Abx, clear airway, mucolytics, bronchodilators, immunizations
40
What is pneumonia associated with?
Fever, respiratory sxs and evidence of parenchymal involvement (PE or infiltrates on CXR)
41
What are the causes of pneumonia by age?
<5 is viral usually and 5-18 is atypical bacteria usually
42
Most common causes of bacterial pneumonia by age
<5 is S. pneumonia and over 5 is atypicals (mycoplasma pneumonia-see extrapulmonary manifestations or chlamydophila pneum)
43
Presentation of CAP
Varies but usually fever and cough (tachypnea and recent URI) with chest pain and SOB
44
What other sxs might you see in neonates or young infants in CAP?
Poor feeding and restlessness | Afebrile pneumona in infancy (2 wks-3 mos from chlamydia)
45
What is the kids general appearance in CAP?
Ill appearing, grunting showing imminent respiratory failure
46
What will you hear in lungs with CAP?
Crackles and pulmonary consolidation
47
How you treat influenza pneumonia?
Neuraminidase inhibitor
48
Outpatient tx of suspected bacterial pneumonia
6 mo- 5 yrs: amoxicillin 90 mg Over 5: Atypical bacteria (macrolide or doxy) Typical is still amoxicillin
49
When should you hospitalize a kid for CAP?
Under 6 mos, sp02 under 90, dehydration, toxic appearing, fail outpt tx
50
What is infant respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease)?
Deficiency of surfactant at birth causing alveolar collapse Risks: preemie
51
Presentation of infant respiratory distress syndrome
Within minutes of birth | Tachypnea, chest wall retractions, expiratory grunting, nasal flaring, cyanosis
52
What lab findings will you see with infant respiratory distress syndrome
CXR: diffuse bilateral atelectasis with ground-glass appearance
53
Tx for infant respiratory distress syndrome
O2 given with small amount of CPA Fluids Endotracheal tube Exogenous surfactant
54
How can you prevent infant respiratory distress syndrome?
Antenatal glucocorticoid like dexamethasone or betamethasone | Given to moms in preterm labor up to 34 wks gestation
55
What is asthma?
Chronic airway inflammation, hyper responsiveness and reversible obstruction
56
What is spirometry used for?
Diagnosis of asthma and used to monitor disease progression and response to therapy (children over 5)
57
What is the diagnostic criteria for asthma?
Spirometry showing: FEV1/FVC ratio decreased (obstructive pattern) Increase in FEV1 > 12% and >200 ml following bronchodilator use (reversible obstruction)
58
Asthma tx
Stepwise approach based on age and classification Short acting bronchodilators (SABA) prn Inhaled corticosteroids Long acting bronchodilators (must have inhaled steroid too) Leukotriene antagonists Oral steroid
59
How do you decide if asthma needs more than just rescue bronchodilator?
Use rule of 2 to decide if pt needs 2 meds for asthma
60
What is the rule of 2s?
Need more than rescue inhaler if using SABA More than 2 times/wk More than 2 times/month at night More than 2 times per year to refill
61
Sxs of vocal cord dysfunction
Inspiratory stridor, cough, choking sensation or throat tightness
62
Tx for vocal cord dysfunction
Reassurance, breathing maneuvers, avoid triggers and speech therapy Will not improve with albuterol
63
Tx of obstructive sleep apnea
Adenoidectomy with possible tonsillectomy or CPAP

X Pediatrics Final (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions