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COMBANK - Level 1 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Vsr levels for lung pathology

A

T1-T7

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2
Q

TB symptoms

A

Fever, night sweats, cough, hemoptysis

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3
Q

active tuberculosis tx

A

RIPE therapy for first 2 months => rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

  • after 2 months, if tb is fully susceptible to R and I, P and E can be stopped
  • R and I continued daily or intermittent for 4 more months
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4
Q

Outpatient management of community acquired pneumonia

A

Azithromycin

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5
Q
  • New regimen for latent tuberculosis for pts 12+ y/o at risk of developing active TB
  • Who else may use this?
A
  • Isoniazid 900 mg + rifapentine 900 mg 1x weekly for 3 months
  • pts with HIV who r otherwise healthy and not taking retrovirals
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6
Q

Who is at high risk for developing active TB?

A
  • ppl w recent exposure to contagious TB
  • conversion from - to + on a test for TB infection
  • chest radiograph indicating prior TB
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7
Q

Most commonly used tx for latent TB

A

Isoniazid daily for 9 months

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8
Q

How to dx latent TB

A

By a positive protein purified derivative (PPD) test

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9
Q

Other option if a pt is unable to tolerate isoniazid therapy for latent TB

A

Rifampin for 4 months

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10
Q

TB typically presents in what pts?

A
  • immunocompromised

- pts from or traveling to developing countries

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11
Q

3 typical bacterial pathogens that cause community acquired pneumonia

A
  • streptococcus penumoniae
  • haemophilus influenzae
  • moraxella catarrhalis
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12
Q

Drug of choice for suspected s. Aureus pneumonia

A

Vancomycin

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13
Q

S. Aureus pneumonia usually presents with

A

Recent upper respiratory tract infection and/or an immunocompromised state

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14
Q

Sputum gram stain of streptococcus pneumonia shows

A

Gram positive (blue) cocci in chains

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15
Q

Sputum grain stain of haemophilus influenza shows

A

Gram negative (red) coccobacillus

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16
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae community acquired pneumonia occurs primarily in ____

A

Chronic alcoholics

17
Q

What will the sputum gram stain of the following show?

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Haemophilus influenza
  • streptococcus pneumoniae
A
  • gram - (red) rod
  • gram - (red) diplococci
  • gram + (blue) cocci in clusters
  • gram - (red) coccobacillus
  • gram + (blue) cocci in chains
18
Q

Most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

19
Q

Virus common in SW USA/Grand canyon area

A

hantavirus (gives ARDS)

20
Q

Organisms commonly found in Ohio + Mississippi River Valleys area (2)

A 
Blastomyces dermatidis (fungal) (also in Great Lakes area)
Histoplasma capsulatum (fungal)
21
Q

1 cause of AIDS associated meningitis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans (yeast)

22
Q

How to dx cryptococcus neoformans

A

With an India ink stain in a CSF sample

23
Q
  • Common cause of cough, fever, and respiratory distress with wheezing and hyper-inflated lungs in infants during winter
  • DOC to tx
A
  • Respiratory syncytial virus
    (This causes cold-like symptoms in older siblings and adults, but since infants have smaller bronchiole sizes the virus-induced inflammation can cause respiratory distress)
  • ribavirin
24
Q

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

A
  • morning weakness that is relieved with repeated stimulation
  • paraneoplastic condition
  • antibody binds calcium channels on the pre-synaptic membrane => prevents release of acetylcholine
25
Q

Mechanism of myasthenia gravis

A

Antibodies bind to acetylcholine receptor in the postsynaptic membrane

26
Q

Where is Legionella pneumophila cultured?

A

Buffered charcoal yeast extract agar, which has cysteine and iron

27
Q

Characteristics and tx for Legionnaire disease and Pontiac fever

A
  • Legionnaire disease: severe pneumonia + fever
  • Pontiac fever: milder. Simple flu-like sx.
  • tx both with antibiotics (erythromycin)
28
Q

Agar to identify Bordetella pertussis

A

Bordet-Gengou agar

29
Q

Agars to identify Haemophilus influenzae (2)

A

Growth on Chocolate agar, which has free hematin and NAD+, and now growth on blood agar

30
Q

Growth on chocolate agar and no growth on blood agar can indicate what organisms? (2)

A

Haemophilus influenzae + Neisseria species

31
Q

Primary cause of atypical pneumonia

A

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

32
Q

Agar to identify mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Eaton agar

33
Q

Used to identify Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Thayer-martin media

34
Q

Most common lung cancer associated with non-smokers (and what part of lung do you see it in)

A

Adenocarcinoma (seen in periphery of lungs)

35
Q

Most common tumor of appendix

A

Carcinoid tumor

36
Q

Where can carcinoid tumors be found?

A

In the GI system + lungs

COMBANK - Level 1 (3 decks)

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