Respiratory

Question 1

Three forms of URTI

Answer 1

Common cold - coryza
Sore throat - pharyngitis
Acute otitis media

Question 2

Causes of the common cold

Answer 2

Rhinovirus, coronavirus and RSV

Question 3

Definition and causes of pharyngitis

Answer 3

Adenovirus, enterovirus and rhinovirus

Inflamed pharynx and soft palate with tender and enlarged local lymph nodes

Question 4

Causes of tonsillitis

Answer 4

Group A beta haemolytic strep.

Epstein Barr

Question 5

Features of bacterial tonsillitis

Answer 5

Headache 
Apathy 
Abdominal pain 
White exudate 
Cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 6

Antibiotic which causes a rash in Epstein Barr tonsillitis

Answer 6

Amoxicillin

Question 7

A six year old with bulging tympanic membrane is most likely to have what condition which is caused by what agent?

Answer 7

Acute otitis media

Due to RSV, rhinovirus or pneumococcus/H. Influenza

Question 8

Complication of recurrent acute otitis media

Answer 8

Serous otitis media - glue ear

Causes conductive hearing loss and the potential for speech and language delay

Question 9

Indications for tonsillectomy

Answer 9

Recurrent and severe tonsillitis
Peritonsillar abscess - quinsy
Obstructive sleep apnoea

Question 10

Causes of upper airway obstruction in a child

Answer 10

Epiglottis
Croup
Bacterial tracheitis
Infectious mononucleosis 
Smoke inhalation 
Low. Calcium

Question 11

Management of a five year old child with stridor, a barking cough and a fever.

Answer 11

Oral dexamethasone/nebulised steroids i.e. Budesonide

Question 12

Most common cause of croup

Answer 12

Parainfluenza

Question 13

Features suggestive of bacterial tracheitis

Answer 13

High fever and a toxic child with rapidly progressive airway obstruction

Caused by staph aureus

Question 14

Causative agent in a child with a high fever, septicaemia and a soft inspiratory stidor who is also drooling.

Answer 14

Acute epiglottis - H influenza type B

Question 15

Child with a cough for the past two weeks and spells of going bright red. Lots of mucous from the mouth.

Marked lymphocytosis is found

What is the condition described and what is its cause?

Answer 15

Whooping cough - bordetella pertussis

Question 16

Ten month old in a and e with corysa and breathlessness. A high pitched wheeze is heard on auscultation with fine end inspiratory crackles. You also note some hyperinflation of his chest.

Answer 16

Bronchiolotis - supportive management with humidified oxygen via a nasal cannula

Question 17

Most common cause of bronciolitis

Answer 17

80% due to RSV

Question 18

“Classic” lobar pneumonia

Answer 18

Step. Pneumoniae

Question 19

First line treatment of pneumonia

Answer 19

Amoxicillin

Question 20

Five indications to admit a child with pneumonia

Answer 20

O2 saturations <93%
Severe tachypnoea
Grunting
Apnoea
Not feeding