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Buzzwords > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural effusion

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2
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

Most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

Ground-glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory distress syndrome of the new born

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5
Q

Zeil-Neelsen stain positive for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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6
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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7
Q

Apical disease

A

Most likely (secondary) TB

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8
Q

Miliary Tuberculosis

A

Spread of organism into bloodstream

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9
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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10
Q

Chest infection with a parrot/pigeon as pet

A

Caused by chlamydophila psittaci

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11
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

Legionella pneumophila (test urine for antigens)

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12
Q

“tall thin man who indulges in marijuana” (Mr. Snoop Dogg)

A

Probable pneumothorax

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis and weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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15
Q

“D sign on CXR”

A

Empyema

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16
Q

“Steeple” sign on CXR

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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17
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

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18
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia

A

HIV (treat with Co-trimoxazole [± prednisolone if severe])

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19
Q

Asthma + Nasal polyps + Salicylate sensitivity

A

Samter’s Triad

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20
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

21
Q

Red jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella Pneumoniae

22
Q

Mucoid sputum

A

Chlamydia psittaci

23
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

24
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

Classically from primary renal cell carcinoma

25
Q

Morning headache

A

Hypercapnia

26
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

27
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

28
Q

Small-cell carcinoma

A

Neuroendocrine

29
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoidosis

30
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

Silicosis

31
Q

‘Heart-failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin

32
Q

Ghon focus

A

An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath pleura

33
Q

Assmann focus

A

Apical lesion of secondary tuberculosis infection

34
Q

‘Coin lesion’ found on chest radiographs

A

A rounded solitary lesion e.g. primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour

35
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Can occur when there is a local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes

36
Q

Acute management of asthma

A 
OHSHIT MAN
Oxygen 100% through non-rebreather mask
Salbutamol nebuliser back-to-back
Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO
Ipratropium IV or aminophylline IV
Magnesium and call an
Anaesthetist
37
Q

Thumbprint sign on head X-ray

A

Epiglottitis

38
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

Pertussis

39
Q

Snow storm appearance on X-ray

A

Baritosis, silicosis

40
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD

A 
iSOAP
Ipratropium
Salbutamol
Oxygen
Amoxicillin
Prednisolone
41
Q

Non-smoker + lung cancer

A

(peripheral) Adenocarcinoma

42
Q

Squamous + small-cell lung cancers

A

CENTRAL

43
Q

High d-dimers

A

Suspect pulmonary embolism

44
Q

Low d-dimers

A

Exclude pulmonary embolism

45
Q

Large PE

A

Thrombolysis

46
Q

Honey-combing + pleural plaques

A

Asbestosis

47
Q

Breathless after transplant

A

Bronchiolitis obliterans

48
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

PE
Hyperventilation
Stroke
Altitude

49
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

COPD
Asthma
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

Buzzwords (3 decks)

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