Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SA2 - Gen Med > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What must you ALWAYS remember with chest pain.

Because Ryan, you always forget this differential.

A

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of pneumonia is assocaited with erythema multiforme?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does base excess indicate?

A

The metabolic component. -2 to +2. Over two is metabolic alkalosis, below -2 is acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 respiratory failure

A

Type 1 - Low o2 and low C02

Normal PH and bicarbonate is normal

Type 2 - Low O2 and high C02

Ph is Low (acidosis) and Bicarbonate is normal or high if it is acute.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a normal PH?

A

7.35-7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do ABGs tell you?

A
  1. Oxygenation via gas exchange
  2. Ventilation control via C02
  3. Kidney function via bicarb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should p02 be?

A

11-13 or 10 below inspired air. Normal ‘on air’ is 21kPa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is acidosis?

A

PH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is alkalosis?

A

PH > 7.45

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What five things need to be considered when interpreting ABGS

A

1) How is the patient? Eg did they have a head injury or MI? if head injury low resp drive so high Co2. IF MI now O2 but high lactic acid

2)Oxygenation levels

3)Alkalotic or acidotic?

4) Resp component - Look at C02 levels. is this high or low?

5) Metabolic component - Look at bicarb. Is this high or low?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Study this table

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can you tell if the problem is respiratory or metabolic?

A

Look at the oxygen consumption and the base excess.

If oxygen is normal but base excess isn’t then it is metabolic.

If oxygen isnt it is respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What compensation is quick and what is slow?

A

Quick - Respiration rate

Longer - bicarb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does it mean when there is a mixed picture? I.E raised bicarb and low Co2 or raised Co2 and low bicarb?

A

Mixed acidosis or alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is normal bicarb?

A

25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a normal value for base excess?

A

-2 to +2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does a base excess >+2 mean?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does a base excess of below -2 mean?

A

Metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • Patient on room air
  • High Co2
  • Low O2
  • Low PH
  • Normal bicarb
A

Respiratory acidosis with no compensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  • Low o2
  • High co2
  • Normal PH
  • High bicarb
A

Respiratory acidosis with full compensation

22
Q
  • Low o2
  • Normal Co2
  • High PH
  • High bicarb
A

Metabolic alkalosis with no compensation

23
Q

P02 of 18.8 on 40% O2

Low O2

High Co2

Normal bicarb

Low PH

A

Respiratory acidosis with no compensation and impaired oxygenation

24
Q

Cardiac arrest on 50% O2

Low O2 (7.5)

Low PH

High Co2

Low bicarb

A

Mixed acidosis and impaired oxygenation

25
Q

COPD on 85%

Low O2 (19.5)

High co2

Low Ph

High bicarb

A

Respiratory acidosis with incomplete compensation and impaired oxygenation

26
Q

What is type 1 respiratory failure, what would an ABG show and what could cause it?

A

Low 02, normal or low C02.

Pneumonia

PE

Lung fibrosis

27
Q

What is type 2 respiratory failure, what would an ABG show and what could cause it?

A

Low O2, high Co2

Opiate overdose

COPD

Respiratory muscle paralysys

28
Q

What are some examples of resipratory acidosis?

A

Drug overdose

Airway obstruction

Hypoventilation

29
Q

What are some examples of resipratory alkalosis?

A

Hyperventilation (eg panic attack)

Pain

Aspirin overdose

30
Q

What are some examples of metabolic acidosis?

A

DKA

CKD

Diarrhoea of bicarb

31
Q

What are some examples of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Vomiting HCL

CF

Antacid abuse

32
Q

What four things do you comment on when interpreting ABGs?

A

Alkalotic/Acidotic

Cause - Resp or metabolic

Compensation - none/partial/full

Oxygenation - impaired/hypoxic/normal

33
Q

How do you enter with an ABG and what do you do first?

What are some contraindications?

A

30-45 degrees

Allens test

Local sepsis

Mastectomy

Anticoag

34
Q

How long has an ABG got to be processed what do you need?

A

10 mins

Patients 02 sats

Patients temperature

35
Q

What do you think with acidosis and increased lactate?

A

Sepsis

36
Q

What are the findings for acute lung presentations?

A
37
Q

What causes clear and watery of pink froffy sputum?

A

Acute pulmonary oedema

38
Q

What causes clear and grey mucous sputum?

A

COPD or chronic bronchitis

39
Q

What causes white mucous sputum?

A

Asthma

40
Q

What causes yellow purulent sputum?

A

Acute infection

41
Q

What causes green sputum?

A

Chronic infection

42
Q

What causes rusty red sputum?

A

Pneumoccocal infection

43
Q

What are CURB65 criteria what does this mean for management?

A

Score one for each of the following in relation to pneumonia:

Confusion

Urea > 7

RR > 30

BP <90 systolic of 60 diastolic

65 - over 65

0 - 1 - In the community

2 - Consider short stay

3 - 5 Inpatient

44
Q

What is pleurodesis and when is it used?

A

Fusion of the visceral and parietal pleura

Used for recurrent pleural effusions of pneumothoraces eg cancer

45
Q

what are the signs of COPD on CXR/

A

Hyperinflation

flattened diaphragm

Reduced lung markings

46
Q

What is the FEV1, FVC and the ratio for obstructive and restricted?

A
47
Q

What are some differences between asthma and COPD?

A
48
Q

What are the lung causes of clubbing?

A

Bronchiectasis

Bronchial carcinoma

CF

Fibrolising alveolitis

Lung abscess

Empyema

Mesothilioma

49
Q

What are the non respiratory causes of clubbing?

A

CV - Atrial myxoma, Bacterial endocarditis

GI - IBD, cirrhosis

Other - Graves, idiopathic

50
Q

What are the common causes of atelectasis?

A
  • Bronchial carcinoma
  • foreign body
  • Mucous plug

They all reduce air entry

  • Post surgical - pain and opiods reduce breathing
  • Tumour
  • Pneumothorax

They stop expansion

SA2 - Gen Med (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions