respiratory

Question 1

causes of increased airway resistance

Answer 1

• contraction of bronchial smooth muscle- asthma
• thick bronchial secretions- chronic bronchitis
• obstruction of airway-tumor, foreign object
• loss of lung elasticity-emphysema

Question 2

ventilation

Answer 2

movement of air in and out of the airways

Question 3

perfusion

Answer 3

the actual blood flow through the vasculature

Question 4

pulmonary diffusion

Answer 4

the process of oxygen and co2 are exchanged

Question 5

what is lung compliance

Answer 5

the elasticity and expandability of the lungs and thoracic structures

Question 6

what is shunting

Answer 6

shunting is when blood is being drained into the left side of the heart with out aveolar gas exchange

Question 7

dyspnea

Answer 7

SOB difficulty breathing

Question 8

what indicated a sudden onset of dyspnea

Answer 8

pneumothroax, acute respiratory obstruction, allergic reaction, MI,
in immobilized PTs may indicate PE

Question 9

what may indiacted ARDS

Answer 9

dyspnea, tachypnea, with hypoxemoia in patients with lung trauma, shock, cardiopulmonary bypass, or mutiple blood transfusions

Question 10

a cough w/ sputum in the AM may indicate what?

Answer 10

bronchitis

Question 11

a cough @ night may indicate what?

Answer 11

onset of left sided heart failure or bronchial asthma

Question 12

a change in sputum color may be a sign of

Answer 12

infection

Question 13

pink tinged may indiacate

Answer 13

lung tumor

Question 14

profuse frothy pink material may indiacte

Answer 14

pulmonary edema

Question 15

risk factors of respiratory disease

Answer 15

smoking, second hand smoke
vit D deficiency
gentic makeup
fam history of lung disease
expose to allergens, or occupational hazards

Question 16

difference betwn pulmonary central cyanosis and periperheal cyanosis

Answer 16

pulmonary is observed by color or tongue and mouth

peripheral is observed by fingers toes earlobes

Question 17

what is health lung tissue called

Answer 17

resonance

Question 18

abnormal breath sounds( adventitous)

Answer 18

crackles( course, fine)
wheezing
friction rub

Question 19

risk factors of hypoventilation

Answer 19

neurologic disorders such as spinal cord trauma CV accident, tumors, pollio, drug overdose
depressed respiratory centers from sedation, opioids, anestheia
limited thoracic movement, plueral effusion, pneumothroax, pulm edema, COPD

Question 20

what is hypoexemia

Answer 20

decrease in the arterial oxygen tension in the blood, manifested by changes in mental status, dyspnea, increse BP, change in HR, dysrhythmias, sweating, cool extermities,

Question 21

hypoxia

Answer 21

decreased oxygen supply to tissues

Question 22

indicators of inadequate oxygen

Answer 22

confusion, restlessness, tachycarida, tachypnea, diaphoresis, lesthargy, HTN, pallor

Question 23

what is oxygen toxicty

Answer 23

when too high a concentration of oxygen given for extended period of time( > 48hrs)

Question 24

S&S of toxicity

Answer 24

substernal discomfort,paresthesia, dyspnea, fatigue, restlessness, malasia, resp difficulty.

Question 25

ways to reduce atecelactasis infection

Answer 25

humidifiers postural drainage, chest percussion, and bronchodilators

Question 26

risk factors to surgery related atecelactasis preop

Answer 26

age, obesity, poor nutrition, smoking hx, preexisting lung disease, abnorm pulmoary fxn test, ER situation

Question 27

risk factors to surgery related atecelactasis intraop

Answer 27

throacic incision, prolonged anesthesia

Question 28

risk factors to surgery related atecelactasis postop

Answer 28

immobilized, supine positon, decreased LOC, inadequate pain management, NG tube, inadequate dee breathing