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A&P Chapter 22 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

0
Q

How many oxygen can hemoglobin carry

A

4

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1
Q

Difference between upper and lower respiratory tract

A

Upper: nose, pharynx, larynx, outside the chest
Lower: trachea, bronchi, lungs, inside chest (pneumonia)

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2
Q

Where does oxygen bind to hemoglobin

A

Ferrous ion

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3
Q

What is carbon monoxide and where is it found

A

Colorless and ordorless gas

Cigarette smoke, furnace, exhaust pipe

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4
Q

What does carbon monoxide do to hemoglobin

A

Binds to oxygen sites, competes w/ oxygen

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5
Q

Difference between carbon monoxide/dioxide

A

Monoxide, machine, man made: competes with oxygen

Dioxide, person, plant: does not compete

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6
Q

Types of lung cancer

A

1: squamous cell carcinoma, most common (smoking)
2: adenocarcinoma, starts in adnoids
3: small call carcinoma, least common, most dangerous, coughing up blood, death 4-5 years

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7
Q

Types of COPD

A

Chronic bronchitis

Emphysema

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8
Q

Function of respiratory system

A 
Provides oxygen and co2 exchange
Speech 
Sense of smell
Affect ph of fluids by eliminating co2
Affects blood pressure by synthesis of vasconstrictor antagonist II
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9
Q

Respiratory acidosis

A

When ph is below 7.35

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10
Q

Respiratory alkalosis

A

Ph above 7.45

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11
Q

Phrenic nerve

A

Primary breathing muscle

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12
Q

Valsalva manuever

A

Neuro test

Deep breath, pinch nose to raise pressure

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13
Q

A atomic dead space

A

Inside resp tract

Non exchange of air

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14
Q

Alveolar ventilation rare

A

End of bronchial tree

Rate of gas exchange

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15
Q

Functions of nose

A

Warms, cleans, moisturizer, detect odors, amplifies voice

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16
Q

Regions of pharynx

A

Naso: no food, drink should pass thru
Oropharynx: food, drink passes
Laryngpharynx: food drink passes, most inferior

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17
Q

Epiglottis

A

Voice box

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18
Q

Another name for pharynx

A

Throat

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19
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Adam’s apple

20
Q

Structure of larynx

A

Epiglottis
Adam’s apple
Vestibular folds
Vocal cords

21
Q

Trachea

A

Wind pipe

Holds trachea open

22
Q

Structures of lung

A

Hilum: slit, where lung recieves main bronchus
Right: 3 lobes, sits lower
Left: 2 lobes, longer

23
Q

Quiet and forced respirations

A

Quiet: at rest
Forced: deep rapid breathing

24
Q

Breathing muscles

A

Diaphragm, dome shaped:exhale, flat:inhale
External: inhale
Internal:exhale

25
Q

Unconscious breathing

A

Brain stem

Medulla oblongota

26
Q

Most potent stimulus to breathe

A

Blood ph

27
Q

Typical inhaled volume during quiet breathing

A

500ml/2.1 cups

28
Q

Breathing disorders

A

Pneumothorax: stabbing, air enters pleural, chest cavity
Atelectasis: collapsed lung

29
Q

Boyles law

A

Constant temperature, pressure of given quality of gas is inversely proportional to its volume
Lung volume increases- vacuum, breath in
Lung volume decreases- stepping on ball, breathe out

30
Q

IRDS

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome

NO SURFACTANT

31
Q

Restrictive and obstructive disorder

A

Restrictive: lungs, reduce pulmonary compliance
Obstructive: airway, blocking

32
Q

Respiratory terms

A

Residual volume RV 1300ml, remaining air
Tital volume TV 500ml, one cycle
Inspiration reserve volume IRV 3000ml, excess inhale
Expiratory reserve volume ERV, 1200ml, excess exhales
Vital capacity VC, 4700ml, inhale/exhale
Inspirations capacity IC, 3500ml, max

33
Q

Kussmaul respiration

A

Violent breathing

34
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Increased

Respiratory acidosis

35
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Reduced

36
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

A

Periods of apnea followed by hyperventilation

Dying patients

37
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Space between parietal and visceral cavities

38
Q

Parietal pleaura

A

Lining of cavity

Membrane

39
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Lines the lungs

40
Q

External nares

A

Nostril

41
Q

Secondary bronchi

A

Carries into lobes

42
Q

What are bronchioles

A

Smallest of bronchial tree

Carries O2 to aveoli

43
Q

Average breaths

A

Adult 12-15
Newborn 30-60
1 year 24-30
Toddler 20-30

44
Q

Weight of air at sea level

A

1 atmosphere

45
Q

Percent of oxygen transported in blood to hemoglobin

A

98%

46
Q

Percent of carbon dioxide in blood to bicarbonate

A

70%

47
Q

Anemic hypoxia

A

Not enough oxygen in blood

A&P Chapter 22 (1 decks)

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