Respiratory Flashcards
How many oxygen can hemoglobin carry
4
Difference between upper and lower respiratory tract
Upper: nose, pharynx, larynx, outside the chest
Lower: trachea, bronchi, lungs, inside chest (pneumonia)
Where does oxygen bind to hemoglobin
Ferrous ion
What is carbon monoxide and where is it found
Colorless and ordorless gas
Cigarette smoke, furnace, exhaust pipe
What does carbon monoxide do to hemoglobin
Binds to oxygen sites, competes w/ oxygen
Difference between carbon monoxide/dioxide
Monoxide, machine, man made: competes with oxygen
Dioxide, person, plant: does not compete
Types of lung cancer
1: squamous cell carcinoma, most common (smoking)
2: adenocarcinoma, starts in adnoids
3: small call carcinoma, least common, most dangerous, coughing up blood, death 4-5 years
Types of COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Function of respiratory system
Provides oxygen and co2 exchange Speech Sense of smell Affect ph of fluids by eliminating co2 Affects blood pressure by synthesis of vasconstrictor antagonist II
Respiratory acidosis
When ph is below 7.35
Respiratory alkalosis
Ph above 7.45
Phrenic nerve
Primary breathing muscle
Valsalva manuever
Neuro test
Deep breath, pinch nose to raise pressure
A atomic dead space
Inside resp tract
Non exchange of air
Alveolar ventilation rare
End of bronchial tree
Rate of gas exchange
Functions of nose
Warms, cleans, moisturizer, detect odors, amplifies voice
Regions of pharynx
Naso: no food, drink should pass thru
Oropharynx: food, drink passes
Laryngpharynx: food drink passes, most inferior
Epiglottis
Voice box
Another name for pharynx
Throat
Thyroid cartilage
Adam’s apple
Structure of larynx
Epiglottis
Adam’s apple
Vestibular folds
Vocal cords
Trachea
Wind pipe
Holds trachea open
Structures of lung
Hilum: slit, where lung recieves main bronchus
Right: 3 lobes, sits lower
Left: 2 lobes, longer
Quiet and forced respirations
Quiet: at rest
Forced: deep rapid breathing
Breathing muscles
Diaphragm, dome shaped:exhale, flat:inhale
External: inhale
Internal:exhale
Unconscious breathing
Brain stem
Medulla oblongota
Most potent stimulus to breathe
Blood ph
Typical inhaled volume during quiet breathing
500ml/2.1 cups
Breathing disorders
Pneumothorax: stabbing, air enters pleural, chest cavity
Atelectasis: collapsed lung
Boyles law
Constant temperature, pressure of given quality of gas is inversely proportional to its volume
Lung volume increases- vacuum, breath in
Lung volume decreases- stepping on ball, breathe out
IRDS
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
NO SURFACTANT
Restrictive and obstructive disorder
Restrictive: lungs, reduce pulmonary compliance
Obstructive: airway, blocking
Respiratory terms
Residual volume RV 1300ml, remaining air
Tital volume TV 500ml, one cycle
Inspiration reserve volume IRV 3000ml, excess inhale
Expiratory reserve volume ERV, 1200ml, excess exhales
Vital capacity VC, 4700ml, inhale/exhale
Inspirations capacity IC, 3500ml, max
Kussmaul respiration
Violent breathing
Hyperventilation
Increased
Respiratory acidosis
Hypoventilation
Reduced
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Periods of apnea followed by hyperventilation
Dying patients
Pleural cavity
Space between parietal and visceral cavities
Parietal pleaura
Lining of cavity
Membrane
Visceral pleura
Lines the lungs
External nares
Nostril
Secondary bronchi
Carries into lobes
What are bronchioles
Smallest of bronchial tree
Carries O2 to aveoli
Average breaths
Adult 12-15
Newborn 30-60
1 year 24-30
Toddler 20-30
Weight of air at sea level
1 atmosphere
Percent of oxygen transported in blood to hemoglobin
98%
Percent of carbon dioxide in blood to bicarbonate
70%
Anemic hypoxia
Not enough oxygen in blood
