Respiratory

Question 1

What is our stimulus for breathing?

Answer 1

CO2

Question 2

Normal respiratory rate for adults and infants

Answer 2

Adults: 12-20 breaths/min
Infant: 30-60 breaths/min

Question 3

When does respiratory rate increase/decrease?

Answer 3

RR increases during activity, awake states and exercise
RR decreases during sleep, rest, and with athletic/fit individuals

Question 4

Lifespan considerations for infants and young children:

Answer 4

• Infants have ↑ BMR & therefore ↑ oxygen consumption
• Often immature lung development

Question 5

Lifespan considerations for older adults:

Answer 5

• ↓ Lung elasticity, ↓ cilliary action, ↓ muscle strength

Question 6

What factors affect respiratory function?

Answer 6

• Body position: upright postures (ease of lung expansion)
• Environment: air pollution, allergens
• Lifestyle/habits: smoking, drugs, alcohol

Question 7

Work of breathing (WOB)

Answer 7

Term used to describe effort used to breathe

Question 8

Two factors that increase work of breathing:

Answer 8

1. Restricted lung movement
2. Airway obstruction

Question 9

What are the effects of restrictive lung movement and airway obstruction?

Answer 9

• Causes ↓ expansion of lungs
• ↓ In lung volume and capacity
• Causes lungs to stiffen and lung tissue to swell
• Reduces diameter of airways

Question 10

What are some examples of restrictive lung movement and airway obstruction?

Answer 10

• Pneumonia
• Atelectasis
• Foreign body aspiration
• Toxin exposure (radiation, asbestos)
• Neuromuscular diseases (Myasthenia Gravis)
• Skeletal conditions (scoliosis, kyphosis)

Question 11

What is an airway obstruction?

Answer 11

Any process that ↓ the diameter of airways causing an ↑ in airway resistance

Question 12

What are three main components of asthma?

Answer 12

Bronchoconstriction, inflammation and mucus production