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Respiratory > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Alveoli

A

tiny, thin walled sacs

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2
Q

respiratory organs

A

nose
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

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3
Q

Diffusion

A

mode for the exchange of gasses that occurs in the respiratory system

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4
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

composed of: nose, pharynx, & larynx

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5
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

consists of: trachea, all segments of the bronchial tree, & lungs

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6
Q

respiratory muscosa

A

membrane that lines most of the air distribution tubes in the system

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7
Q

mucus

A

varies in composition from very watery to very thick & sticky {depends on location}

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8
Q

ciliary escalator

A

millions of cilia that beat or move only in one direction

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9
Q

external nares

A

nostrils

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10
Q

nasal septum

A

separates the two cavities

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11
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

four parts: frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, & ethmoid

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12
Q

sinusitis

A

sinus infection

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13
Q

lacrimal sacs

A

two ducts; collect tears from the corner of each eyelid & drain them into nasal cavity

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14
Q

conchae

A

three shelf-like structures that protrude into the nasal cavity on each side

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15
Q

turbinates

A

another name for the nasal conchae

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16
Q

pharynx

A

throat

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17
Q

three parts of pharynx

A

-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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18
Q

auditory {eustachian} tube

A

they connect the middle ears with the nasopharynx; equalization of air pressure between the middle & the exterior ear

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19
Q

tonsils

A

masses of lymphoid tissue

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20
Q

three types of tonsils

A

-lingual tonsils
-palatine tonsils
-pharyngeal tonsils {adenoids}

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21
Q

tonsillitis

A

when the tonsils become infected and inflamed

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22
Q

larynx

A

voice box; located below the pharynx; made of nine pieces of cartilage

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23
Q

vocal cords

A

two short fibrous bands

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24
Q

glottis

A

space between the vocal cords that change shape as we speak

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25
Q

epiglottis

A

piece of cartilage that partially covers the larynx; acting as a trapdoor

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26
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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27
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

a tube placed through the mouth, pharynx, & larynx into the trachea; especially if the airway is collapsed or obstructed

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28
Q

interaytenoid notch

A

v-shaped posterior groove

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29
Q

tracheotomy

A

make an incision in the trachea

30
Q

tracheostomy

A

creating a permanent opening

31
Q

primary bronchi

A

trachea’s first branches

32
Q

secondary bronchi

A

smaller branches

33
Q

bronchioles

A

very small passageways

34
Q

alveolar ducts

A

bronchioles subdivide into microscopic tubes

35
Q

alveolar sacs

A

resembles a cluster of grapes

36
Q

alveoli

A

small grape-like structure; effective in promoting the rapid & effective exchange of O2, CO2 between blood circulating through the lung capillaries & alveolar air

37
Q

respiratory membrane

A

extremely thin barrier

38
Q

surfactant

A

surface of the respiratory membrane inside each alveolus is covered by a substance

39
Q

lungs

A

large organ that fills most of the thoracic cavity

40
Q

pleura

A

serous membrane that covers the outer surface of each lung; lines the inner surface of rib cage

41
Q

infant respiratory distress syndrome

A

affects premature infants or those who weigh < 5 Ibs; characterized by lack of surfactant in the alveolar air sacs {affects 50,000 babies annually}

42
Q

COPD

A

progressive irreversible obstruction of expiratory air flow

43
Q

chronic bronchitis

A

chronic inflammation of the bronchi & bronchioles

44
Q

emphysema

A

progression of chronic bronchitis or other conditions as air becomes trapped within alveoli & causes them to enlarge

45
Q

pleurisy

A

is inflammation of the parietal pleura {characterized by difficulty in breathing & stabbing pain}

46
Q

pneumothorax

A

presence of air in the intrapleural space on one side of the chest

47
Q

respiration

A

exchange of gasses

48
Q

pulmonary ventilation

A

the process that moves air into & out of the lungs

49
Q

external respiration

A
50
Q

internal respiration

A
51
Q

cellular respiration

A

use of oxygen by cells in the process of metabolism

52
Q

inspiration

A

moves air into the lungs

53
Q

expiration

A

moves air out of the lungs

54
Q

phrenic nerve

A

stimulates diaphragm to contract

55
Q

hypoxia

A

an insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues

56
Q

respiratory control centers

A

changes in respiration depend on proper functioning of the muscles of respiration; these muscles are stimulated by nerve impulses

57
Q

chemoreceptors

A

specialized sensory receptors that are sensitive to increases in blood CO2 & decreases in blood O2 level

58
Q

chemoreflexes

A

sense & respond to increasing blood acid levels

59
Q

eupnea

A

refers to normal respiratory rate

60
Q

hyperventilation

A

very rapid, deep breathes

61
Q

hypoventilation

A

slow, shallow respirations

62
Q

dyspnea

A

labored or difficult breathing & is often associated w/ hypoventilation

63
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

64
Q

apnea

A

breathing stops completely for a brief period {regardless of cause}

65
Q

respiratory arrest

A

failure to resume breathing after a period of apnea

66
Q

cheyne-stokes respiration

A

series of cycles of alternating apnea & hyperventilation

67
Q

partial pressure

A
68
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

union of oxygen & hemoglobin

69
Q

heme

A
70
Q

carbaminohemoglobin

A

union of carbon dioxide & hemoglobin

71
Q

bicarbonate ions

A
72
Q

carbonic anhydrase

A

Respiratory (2 decks)

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