Respiratory

Question 1

Definition of Type 1 respiratory failure and causes

Answer 1

Low PaO2 with/without low CO2.
Causes: Pulmonary oedema, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, ARDS

Question 2

Definition and causes of type 2 respiratory failure

Answer 2

Low PaO2 and high PaCO2.
Causes: Chronic COPD, chest wall deformities, CNS depression, severe asthma, MG, GBS,

Question 3

What are the clinical features of hypercapnia?

Answer 3

Headaches,
Altered level of consciousness,
Warm extremities,
Behavioral change,
Asterixis,
Papilloedema

Question 4

Management of T2RF

Answer 4

Treat underlying cause,

Supplemental oxygen with target sats of 88-92%. Excess oxygen can reverse hypoxic vasoconstriction - causes increased blood flow to damaged area of lung, further worsening of hypoxia.

NIV