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Systems T4 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders that the lungs are protected by?

Superiorly:
Inferiorly:
Anteriorly and Laterally:
Posteriorly:

A

Superiorly: Cervical mm
Inferiorly: Respiratory diaphragm
Anteriorly and Laterally: Ribs, sternum, intercostal mm
Posteriorly: Thoracic vertebrae

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2
Q

What does the mediastinum house?

A

Heart, great blood vessels, esophagus, thymus, lymph nodes, vagus and phrenic nerves

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3
Q

The right lung has __ lobes. The 2 fissures that separate the 3 lobes are the___ & ____. ____ seperates the superior & middle lobes. And the ____ separates the middle and inferior lobes.

A
  • 3
  • oblique & horizontal
  • oblique
  • horizontal
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4
Q

The left lung has ___ lobes with 1 ____ fissure

A
  • 2
  • oblique
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5
Q

Pulmonary arteries carry _____ blood from the ____ ventricle of the heart to the lungs for____

A
  • deoxygenated blood
  • right
  • oxygenation
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6
Q

Pulmonary Veins carry _____ blood from the lungs to the ____ atrium of the heart

A
  • oxygenated blood
  • left
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7
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Gas exchange

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8
Q

Gas exchange takes place in the respiratory airways at the ____ level

A
  • alveolar
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9
Q

The upper respiratory tract consists of all structures of the respiratory system lying ___ the level of the ____

A
  • above
  • larynx
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10
Q

What are the structures of the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • sphenoid sinus, frontal sinus, nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx
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11
Q

What are the structures of the lower respiratory tract?

A
  • larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
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12
Q

What are the two zones that the respiratory system can be functionally classified into?

A

Conducting zone & Respiratory Zone

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13
Q

What is the conducting zone? What are the structures?

A
  • the conducting zone is the structures that make up the physical passageway of air into the body
  • it’s made up of the nasal passages, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
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14
Q

What is the respiratory zone? What are the structures?

A
  • where gas exchange takes place
  • respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
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15
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate into left and right primary bronchi?

A

At the level of T4

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16
Q

During inhalation the diaphragm ____ and thoracic volume___ while intra thoracic pressure ____

A
  • descends
  • increases
  • decrease
17
Q

During exhalation the diaphragm ____ & thoracic volume ____. Pulmonary pressure ____

A
  • ascends
  • decreases
  • increases
18
Q

What are the accessory mm of inspiration?

A
  • scalenes: activate to lift upper 2 ribs
  • SCM: activate to lift sternum and clavicle
  • Pec minor: activate to elevate ribs 3-5
19
Q

Forced expiration involves contraction of the _____ mm. In addition the ….

A
  • internal intercostal mm
  • QL
  • Serratus posterior inferior
  • abdominals
20
Q

The presence of blood in the pleural cavity which can result in the collapse of a lobe or an entire lung is…

A

Hemothorax

21
Q

Define Pneumothorax

A

The presence of air/gas in the pleural cavity which can result in the collapse of a lobe or an entire lung

22
Q

Name the differences between primary spontaneous pneumothorax and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Primary:
- idiopathic
- risks include smoker, family hx, greater prevalence among bio males
- can take up to 12 wks to resolve

Secondary:
- pathological, d/t underlying lung pathology that alters normal lung structure/ function
- takes longer to heal than PSP, chest pain
- recurrence is common

23
Q

What is pleuritis/pleurisy? How can it present?

A

An inflammation of the pleural membranes

May present as:

  • reffered pain to shoulder
  • extremely painful often unilateral & abrupt onset
  • pain worse when pleura is stretched on breathing
  • dry cough
  • weakness
  • headache
  • fever
24
Q

Treatment of pleuritis

A
  • pain meds
  • laying in affected side to limit breathing movement and reducing stretch of pleura
25
Q

Atelectasis refers to…

A

incomplete expansion of part of a lung or the entire lung

May be caused by airway obstruction, lung compression or lung collapse

26
Q

A collection or gathering of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity is…

A

Empyema

27
Q

Status asthmaticus is…

A
  • a medical emergency. Call 911!
  • attack lasting for several hours & unresponsive to medical tx
28
Q

With atopic asthma cases in people under 35 tend to be precipitated by…

Cases in people over 35 tend to be…

A
  • under 35: known triggers (pollen, dust, cigarette smoke, etc)
  • over 35: stress-related or d/t chronic exposure to inhaled pollutants or chemicals
29
Q

_____ are the strongest predisposing factor for asthma

A
  • Allergies
30
Q

This is allergy induced asthma …

A

Atopic asthma

31
Q

What are common triggers of non-allergic asthma

A
  • air pollutants
  • strong odors or perfumes, smoke
  • cold, heat, weather changes
  • exercise
  • stress, emotional upsets
  • some meds
  • sinusitis w/ post naval drip
  • obesity
  • viral respiratory tract infections
  • hormonal changes

Systems T4 (1 decks)

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