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respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Define FVC (forced vital capacity)

A

maximum volume expired after maximum inspiration

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2
Q

Define Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

A

Volume in lungs after tidal expiration

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3
Q

Whats FEV-1?

A

forced expiratory volume; the volume of air (in liters) exhaled in the first second during forced exhalation after maximal inspiration.

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4
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

Minute ventilation is the tidal volume times the respiratory rate, usually, 500 mL × 12 breaths/min = 6000 mL/min.

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5
Q

Define tidal volume and how much is it?

A

0.5 L. normal inspiration and expiration.

Note: calm breaths like the tide of an ocean, in and out

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6
Q

Total lung capacity?

A

3-6 L

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7
Q

How much dead space ventilation is there?

A

Around 150 mL.

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8
Q

How to measure pulmonary edema? Name the tool, then name the + value

A

increased pulmonary ARTERY pressure (pulmonary artery wedge pressure) by a SWAN-GANZ catheter. must be greater than 20 mmHg to be (+)

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9
Q

What is the most significant force driving the absorption of fluid into the capillaries (and thus keeping fluids from being pushed into the alveoli). Also give the number and + or -

A

plasma colloid osmotic pressure (-28 mmHg)

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10
Q

Mean filtration pressure is what? What is the number?

A

It is the net pressure after all forces are compared across the blood / tissue. It is +1 mmHg. The only fluid going into the lung. But before it can get there, it is taken up by the lymph.

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11
Q

FVC - time independent or dependent?

A

independent. FVC is a measure of volume only.

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12
Q

What does the flow-volume loop show?

A

The rate of air expired when forced out vs rate of air that’s effort independent.

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13
Q

molecular weight O2 in atmosphere

A

20.93

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14
Q

MW of N2 in atmosphere

A

79.03

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15
Q

MW of CO2 in atmosphere

A

.04 CO2

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16
Q

MW x sea level. what is sea level value?

A

760

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17
Q

partial pressure of N2 at sea level

A

600 mg

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18
Q

partial pressure of O2 at sea level

A

159 mmHg

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19
Q

does atmospheric pressure increase or decrease as you go up the mountain?

A

decrease

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20
Q

What would happen to a partial pressure of 159 mmhg oxygen if you go up a mountain?

A

it would decrease. multiply the new sea level by the MW of O2, which is 20.93.

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21
Q

the atmospheric partial pressure of O2 is?

A

159 mmHg

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22
Q

the atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 is?

A

0.3 mmHg

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23
Q

the alveoli partial pressure of oxygen?

A

100 mgHg O2

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24
Q

alveoli partial pressure of CO2?

A

40 mmHg

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25
arterial partial pressure of O2?
100 mmHg
26
arterial partial pressure of C02?
40 mmHg
27
venous partial pressure of O2?
40 mmHg
28
venous partial pressure of CO2?
46 mmHg
29
oxygen carrying capacity of hemoglobin?
20 %
30
What does hemoglobin want to do when O2 partial pressure is low?
it wants to release O2 to tissues
31
what does hemoglobin want to do when oxygen partial pressure is high?
tbd
32
The curve shifts to the right and does what?
increased H+, increased CO2 increase temperature increased BPG
33
CO2 travels in the blood as bicarb. what does it do when you want to blow off acid?
It combines with hydrogen to form H2CO3. Then it splits into CO2 and water
34
You can't breathe quickly. Your body increases CO2 in the blood. How does your body deal with this?
CO2 joins with water to form H2CO3. Then H2CO3 splits to form bicarb and H+.
35
Acidosis is how much pH?
less than 7.35
36
Alkalosis is what?
more than 7.45
37
Metabolic pathway: how does kidney control H+ or bicarb?
it can eliminate H+ in the urine or reabsorption of bicarb into the blood
38
How much HCO3- is normal? ABG (arterial blood gas)
22-26
39
DRG mainly causes-
inspiration
40
VRG mainly causes-
expiration. when respiratory drive becomes more than normal
41
pneumotaxic center.. does what
main function is to limit inspiration. WHY? because it wants you to take short breaths and then increase the RR
42
O2 acts on what receptor. does it have a direct effect on the respiratory center?
it is indirect. the peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta. THEN it transmits the signal to respiratory center
43
What is average CO?
5L/min
44
What is average SV?
70 mL/beat
45
EDV number?
120 mL
46
SV?
70 mL
47
how to get stroke volume
EDV-ESV
48
how to get ejection fraction
(EDV-ESV)/EDV times 100
49
What happens during diastole?
Ventricles have low pressure. atria have high pressure. atria is building pressure until AV valve opens and enter *period of rapid filling* into the ventricle.
50
What happens during systole?
ventricles have a high pressure while atria has a low pressure. when we hit 80 in the LV, semilunar valves open. Note: majority of the blood (70%) is ejected very quick which is the period of rapid ejection. this happens in the first 1/3 of ejection. the rest of ejection is done slowly. Think forcing water out of water balloon.
51
Isovolumetric relaxation
LV is done squeezing. LV pressure drops and the semilunar valve closes. Volume of liquid inside does not change.
52
How much ESV is there at end of systole?
50 mL
53
Starlings law
Rubber band CO=SVxHR
54
S1 to S2
systole
55
S2 to S1
diastole
56
Rate pressure product is what
Rate=HR Pressure=systolic blood pressure Product of them both SBPxHR
57
how much can coronary blood flow increase
4x
58
Liver blood % #
27% 1350 mL/min
59
Kidneys blood % #
22% 1100mL/min
60
Brain blood % #
14% 700 mL/min
61
muscles blood % #
15% 750 mL/min
62
blood flow can increase in the muscles by how much during exercise
20x
63
Macula densa in kidney- if sodium is low in the blood:
constrict efferent and dilate afferent, increasing GFR
64
Macula densa in kidney: if sodium is high in the blood:
constrict afferent arterioles, dilate efferent arterioles, decreasing GFR
65
calc MAP
DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)
66
What is the biggest factor in the flow rate?
Diameter. in the equation it exponentially increases flow rate by 4. so if d increases from 1 to 2, it is 16 times more flow.
67
be able to talk through cardiac cycle, know the volume pressure loop
and know the big combined graph
68

med phys (1 decks)

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