Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHARM 233 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

Beta 2 Adrenoceptor
- MOA

A

GPCR (Gs)
- Increases cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonist
- MOA

A
  • Dilate bronchi by acting on Gs Beta 2 Adrenoceptors
  • Inhibit mediator release from mast cells
  • Inhibit TNFa release from monocytes
  • Increase mucus clearance by acting on cilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonist
- cAMP relationship to bronchi

A

Beta 2 Adrenoceptor activation = Increased cAMP

  • More cAMP = Greater activation of PKA
    –> Reduces Ca2+ levels leading to bronchidilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Salbutamol

A

Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonist
- Oral/Injection
- Short Acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Terbutaline

A

Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonist
- Short Acting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Salmeterol

A

Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonist
- Long Acting

Taken when asthma is not properly controlled by glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Formoterol

A

Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonist
- Long Acting

Taken when asthma is not properly controlled by glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonists
- Adverse Effects

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Dysrhythmias
  • Tremor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Theophylline/Aminophylline
- MOA

A
  • Inhibits PDE
    –> Prevents breakdown of cAMP = Increase cAMP
  • Inhibits Adenosine Receptors
  • Inhibits intracellular calcium release
    –> Reduces smooth muscle contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Theophylline/Aminophylline
- Adverse Effects

A

Dysrhythmia
Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Montelukast/Zafirlukast
- MOA

A

Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist (CysLT1)

Antagonism reverses:
- Bronchoconstriction
- Hyperresponsive airways
- Mucosal edema
- Mucosa hypersecretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Montelukast/Zafirlukast
- Comparison to Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonist

A

Not as effective as Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Montelukast/Zafirlukast
- Route

A

Taken by mouth
Usually taken with inhaled corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Beclometasone

A

Glucocorticoid
- Given as an inhalation

Anti-inflammatory
- Treats acute severe asthma
- Prevent chronic asthma

Adverse Effect:
- Adrenal Suppression
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Budenoside

A

Glucocorticoid
- Given as an inhalation

Anti-inflammatory
- Treats acute severe asthma
- Prevent chronic asthma

Adverse Effect:
- Adrenal Suppression
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fluticasone

A

Glucocorticoid
- Given as an inhalation

Anti-inflammatory
- Treats acute severe asthma
- Prevent chronic asthma

Adverse Effect:
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis

17
Q

Mometasone

A

Glucocorticoid
- Given as an inhalation

Anti-inflammatory
- Treats acute severe asthma
- Prevent chronic asthma

Adverse Effect:
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis

18
Q

Ciclesonide

A

Glucocorticoid
- Given as an inhalation

Anti-inflammatory
- Treats acute severe asthma
- Prevent chronic asthma

Adverse Effect:
- Oropharyngeal candidiasis

19
Q

Prednisolone

A

Glucocorticoid
- Given orally

Anti-inflammatory
- Used for patients with severe disease

Adverse Effect
- Risk of infection
- Osteoporosis

20
Q

Glucocorticoids
- General MOA

A

Controls Gene Expression

  1. Binds intracellular receptor
  2. Dimerizes
  3. Complex translocates into the nucleus
  4. Modifies Gene Transcription
    –> Transcription Factors
21
Q

Basic Transactivation

A

Ligands binds to Glucocorticoid Receptor Dimer
–> Upregulates Transcription

22
Q

Basic Transrepression

A

Ligands binds to Glucocorticoid Receptor Dimer
–> Complex binds to nGRE
–> Turns off transcription

23
Q

Glucocorticoids
- Asthma MOA

A

Reduces transcription of
IL-2
–> Inhibits proliferation of Th Cells
–> Reduces formation of Th cytokines
–> Decreases activation of eosinophils

Reduces transcription of
IL-5/IL-13

Reduces transcription of lgE and lgE receptors

24
Q

Glucocorticoids
- Adverse Effects

A

Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (Thrush)
Adrenal Suppression in Beclometasone and Budenoside

Systemic Side Effects are uncommon due to low systemic absorption and bioavailability from inhalation route of administration

25
Q

Glucocorticoids
- Other Considerations

A

Are usually used in combination with Beta 2 Adrenoceptor Agonists for Chronic Asthma

  • Dilation of Bronchial smooth muscles enhance deliver of glucocorticoids to the airway
  • Glucocorticoids cause an increase in expression of Beta 2 Adrenoceptors in the airway
26
Q

Omalizumab

A

Humanized Monoclonal Anti-lgE antibody
- Binds to free lgE and prevents it from interacting with

27
Q

Mepolizumab

A

Humanized Monoclonal Antibody
- Binds to and inhibits IL-5
–> Prevents differentiation and recruitment of eosinophils

Treats Eosinophilic Asthma

28
Q

Reslizumab

A

Humanized Monoclonal Antibody
- Binds to and inhibits IL-5
–> Prevents differentiation and recruitment of eosinophils

Treats Eosinophilic Asthma

29
Q

Ipratropium

A

Inhaled Anticholinergic
(Muscarinic M1-M3 Antagonist)
- Treats Underlying symptoms of COPD

M3 Muscarinic Receptors
- Parasympathetic stimulation of these receptors causes bronchoconstriction and bronchial secretions

30
Q

Tiotropium

A

Inhaled Anticholinergic
(Muscarinic M3 Antagonist)
- Treats Underlying symptoms of COPD

M3 Muscarinic Receptors
- Parasympathetic stimulation of these receptors causes bronchoconstriction and bronchial secretions

31
Q

Aclidinium

A

Inhaled Anticholinergic (Newer Longer Acting)
- Treats COPD

32
Q

Umeclidinium

A

Inhaled Anticholinergic (Newer Longer Acting)
- Treats COPD

33
Q

Glycopyrrolate

A

Inhaled Anticholinergic (Newer Longer Acting)
- Treats COPD

34
Q

Roflumilast

A

Long-Acting Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor
- Prevents degradation of cAMP –> Increases cAMP
–> Increase PKA –> Decrease Calcium
–> Reduces Inflammation

Combined with bronchodilators to treat COPD

PHARM 233 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions