Respiratory Flashcards
where is the conducting zone?
nose to bronchioles
where do the internal nares open into?
pharynx
where is the vascular plexus located?
nasal mucosa
where is nasal epithelium found?
nasal mucosa
where do the paranasal sinuses drain?
into pharynx
what are the different paranasal sinuses?
Ethmoid sinuses by the eyes, frontal on forehead, sphenoid to the side, maxillary under eyes
where do the auditory tubes drain?
into nasopharynx
where is the divergement of respiratory and digestive tracts?
largyngopharynx
what closes over the larynx
epiglottis
how does coughing occur?
by contraction of the trachealis muscle
what changes occur at the bronchioles?
respiratory epithelium becomes cuboidal and have no cartilage or goblet cells
what is surfactant?
phospholipid
what are the anterior thoracic joints?
sternocostal (synovial except first), costochondral (cartilaginous), interchondral (synovial)
what are the posterior thoracic joints?
costotransverse, costovertebral
when is the diaphragm domed?
during expiration or when relaxed
what are the accessory muscles used for?
to change cavity volume during forced respiration
where does resistance arise?
bronchi
what disease is the result of reduced lung capacity?
restrictive
what are the restrictive disorders?
pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory distress syndrome
what disease is the result of resistance to airflow?
obstructive
what are the obstructive disorders?
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
what is emphysema?
destruction of alveolar walls so decreased SFA for gas exchange
why can’t Spirometry test can’t measure restrictive disorders?
because can’t quantify residual volume reduction
how does CO2 travel as bicarbonate?
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3 → H+ + HCO3-
Bicarbonate ions move into plasma in exchange for Cl- and H+ binds to Hb
