respiratory Flashcards
what are procedures for maintaining respiratory function
Inhalation therapy
Oxygen therapy
Plastic hood/oxyhood
Nasal cannula/prongs
Face masks
High flow nasal cannula
Ventilator
Monitoring oxygen therapy
End-tidal carbon dioxide
Bronchial (postural) drainage
Chest physiotherapy (CPT)
respiratory procedures
intubation- mechanical ventilation
tracheostomy- suction, routine care, emergency care: tube occlusion and accidental decannulation
chest tube procedures
what are the variations in paediatric anatomy and physiology
Metabolic Rate and Oxygen Need
* Children have a significantly higher metabolic rate than
adults
* Infants consume 6-8 L02/ min compared to adults of 3-4
L02/ min
* In any sort of respiratory distress
children will develop hypoxemia
more rapidly than adult
what are the indications for O2 therapy
- Documented hypoxemia
2 . An acute care situation in which hypoxemia is
suspected - Severe trauma
- Acute myocardial infarction
- Short-term therapy (e.g., post-anesthesia
recovery) - Increased metabolic demands, i.e. burns,
multiple injuries, and severe infections.
what are the clinical goals for O2 therapy
Three clinical goals of O2 therapy
1. Treat hypoxemia
2. Decrease work of breathing (WOB)
3. Decrease myocardial work
what are the types of ventilation and intubation
Artificial airways
Usually used with mechanical ventilation
Endotracheal intubation
Nasotracheal, oral, tracheostomy
Endotracheal tubes— typically uncuffed for
premature infants or infants weighing less
than 3 k
what are the general aspects of respiratory infections related to the upper respiratory tract
- Oronasopharynx, pharynx
- Larynx, upper trachea
what are the general aspects of respiratory infections related to the lower respiratory tract
- Lower trachea, bronchi
- Bronchioles, alveoli
what are the general aspects of respiratory infections
Etiology and characteristics
Infectious agents- rsv
Age
Size- size of airways
Resistance- there’s more resistance as you grow
Seasonal variations- certain common infections during seasons
what are clinical manifestations of respiratory infections
cough, SOB, stuffy or runny nose, congestions, headache, fever sometimes , nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea
all varies with age.
what are the nursing care of respiratory infections
Easing respiratory effort
Promoting rest
Promoting comfort
Reducing the spread of infection
Reducing temperature
Promoting hydration
Providing nutrition
Encouraging family support and home care
Talk about nasopharyngitis, cause, clinical manifestation, management and nursing care and complication
“Common cold”
Caused by numerous viruses
RSV, rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza, and
parainfluenza viruses
Clinical manifestations- sneezing, runny nose, headache
Fever varies with the age of the child- up until ag 2
Therapeutic management and nursing care
Treated at home
Teach families signs of complications
complication- otitis media( ear infection), lower respiratory infection
what are early evidence of respiratory complications
Parents should be instructed to notify their
primary health care provider if any of the
following are noted:
If child is less than 3 months of age:
Is having trouble breathing,
Is not eating or is vomiting, or
Has a fever (temperature of 38.5°C or
higher)
In children of all ages:
Is breathing rapidly or seems to be working hard
to breathe -> WOB
Has blue lips,
Is coughing so much that they are choking or
vomiting,
Wakes in the morning with one or both eyes
stuck shut with dried yellow pus*
Is much sleepier than usual, doesn’t want to feed
or play, or is very fussy and cannot be
comforted, or
Has thick or coloured (yellow, green) discharge
from the nose for more than 10 to 14 days.
Talk about acute streptococcal pharyngitis/ Tonsillitis, cause, clinical manifestation, management and nursing care and complication
Causes and risks
Group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection
Risk for rheumatic fever
Clinical manifestations- no cough, fever, feeling unwell, nausea, inflamed lymph nodes
Diagnostic evaluation- swab
Therapeutic management- hydration, salt water, ice, warm compressions, analgesics, antipyretics
Nursing care
talk about influenza,cause, clinical manifestation, management and nursing care and complication
Commonly known as the “flu”
Caused by orthomyxoviruses
Types A, B, and C
Clinical manifestations- fever, chills, sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, cough
Therapeutic management
Prevention
Yearly immunization
Nursing care- fluids, treat fever and cough
complication- pneumonia
