Respiratory Flashcards
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
-the amount of air that could be inhaled past a tidal breath with maximal inspiratory effort
-around 3L
Tidal Volume
-inspired from the resting lung volume reahced at end-expiration
-around 0.5L
Expiratory Reserve Volume
-the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a tidal breath but could be forcefully exhaled
-around 1100 mL
Residual Volume
-the air left in the lung after maximum expiratory effort
-around 1200 mL
Inspiratory Capacity
-tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
-the maximum amount of air inhaled from the end of a tidal breath
-3500 mL
Functional Residual Capacity
-expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
-the amount of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a tidal breath
-2300 mL
Vital Capacity
-the maximum volume that can be inhaled and then exhaled is the vital capacity
-around 4-6 L
Total Lung Capacity
-the gas volume in the lung after a maximum inspiration
-around 6-8 L
Conducting Zone
-does not participate in gas exchange (anatomic deadspace)
-begins at nares and mouth
-ends with terminal bronchioles
Respiratory Zone
-gas exchange takes place here
-begins at alveolar ducts
-ends at alveolar sacs
-gas exchange occurs across type 1 pneumocytes by diffusion
Turbulent flow
trachea, main bronchus, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi
-has cartilage
-highest Reynolds number
-most resistance to flow
Laminar flow
conducting bronchioles to alveolar sacs
-has smooth muscle
T/F: The compliance reading on the ventilator is only for the tidal volume breath.
True, only for the breath that we see
FRC volume affects…
lung compliance
resistance to air flow
gas exchange
Ohm’s Law
Flow = pressure / resistance
Pressure = flow x resistance
Resistance = pressure / flow
Equation of motion of the respiratory system
Paw = (volume x 1/ compliance) + (resistance x flow)
Peak Airway Pressure
dynamic compliance of the tidal volume
-with air flow
-convection of gas
-high resistance
-can control size with airway size
Plateau Pressure
static compliance of the FRC
-no flow
-diffusion of gas
-low resistance
-can control size with drugs
T/F: If the size of the tube for ventilation is decreased, the increase in resistance is magnified.
True, halving the radius = 16x resistance (Pousielle’s Law)
PFTs Obstructive
increased forced vital capacity
increased residual volume
FEV1/FVC <75%
PFTs Restrictive
decreased forced vital capacity
decreased residual volume
FEV1/FVC >85%
T/F: The ETT is the location with the highest resistance to airflow in healthy lungs.
True, we put a smaller tube inside a larger one that already had high resistance
Dead space
-ventilation with no gas exchange
-conducting zone
-about 2 ml/kg
-emphysema/bronchitis cannot increase RR enough to keep up with PaCO2
Minute ventilation
-total volume breathed
-TV x RR
-5 to 6 L
