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Apex Tidbits > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What has the most significant contribution to airflow resistance?

A

Radius

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2
Q

Will the PNS cause bronchoconstriction of bronchodilation?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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3
Q

Will mas cells and non-cholinergic PNS cause bronchoconstriction of bronchodilation?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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4
Q

Will the non-cholinergic PNS (nitric oxide) cause bronchoconstriction of bronchodilation?

A

Bronchodilation

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5
Q

Will the SNS cause bronchoconstriction of bronchodilation?

A

Bronchodilation

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6
Q

Stimulation of the vagus nerve will stimulate what type of receptor to produce bronchoconstriciton

A

M3 Receptor

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7
Q

What class of drugs are these?
-albuterol
-metaproerenol
-salmeterol

A

Beta-2 agonists

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8
Q

Volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation in ONE second

A

FEV1

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9
Q

Volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation

A

FVC

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10
Q

Compares volumes of air expired in 1 second and total volume of air expired

A

FEV1/FVC

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11
Q

Measures airflow in the middle of FEV

A

MMEF

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12
Q

Most sensitive indicator of small airway disease?

A

MMEF

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13
Q

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled and exhaled over the course of one minute

A

MMV

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14
Q

What is the best test of endurance?

A

MMV

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15
Q

Volume of carbon monoxide that can traverse the alveolocapillary membrane per a given alveolar partial pressure of carbon monoxide

A

DLCO

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16
Q

Lab value that can be predictive of postop pulmonary complications?

A

Albumin <3.5

17
Q

How many hours after smoking cessation will P50 improve?

A

12 hours

18
Q

Half life of carbon monoxide

A

4-6 hours

19
Q

How can you reduce PREOP risk of PPC? (4)

A
  1. Treat exp outflow obstruction (bronchodilators & corticosteroids)
  2. Treat active inflammation with antibiotics
  3. Instruct patient on pulmonary recruitment measures
  4. Treat RV failure
20
Q

How can you reduce risk of INTRAOP PPC?

A
  1. Regional anesthesia over general
  2. Minimally invasive surgical approaches
  3. Avoid procurers longer than 3 hours
21
Q

How can you reduce the risk of PPCs POSTOP? (2)

A
  1. Analgesia
  2. Pulm recruitment maneuvers
22
Q

Acute, reversible airway obstruction accompanied by chronic airway inflammation and bronchial hyper reactivity

A

Asthma

23
Q

The condition of being “hyper-allergic”

A

Atopy

24
Q

Greatest risk factor for developing asthma

A

Atopy

25
Q

What test is reduced in asthma but can improve following bronchodilator therapy?

A

FEV1
FEV1/FVC
FEF 25-75%

26
Q

S/S asthma (6)

A
  1. Wheezing
  2. Dypsnea
  3. Chest discomfort/tightness
  4. Productive or nonproductive cough
  5. Prolonged expiratory phase
  6. Eosinophilia
27
Q

Drugs that may produce s/s asthma? (4)

A
  1. ASA
  2. NSAIDS
  3. Beta antagonists
  4. Sulfites
28
Q

Most common ABG finding in asthma

A

Respiratory ALKalosis w/ hypocarbia

29
Q

Elevated PaCO2 suggests

A

Air trapping

30
Q

Asthma EKG shows (2)

A
  1. RV strain
  2. Right axis deviation (during severe attack)
31
Q

Are PFTs predicative of PPC?

A

No

32
Q

Deep or awake extubation for asthma

A

Deep

33
Q

Ventilator goals for asthma

A
  1. LIMIT inspiratory time
  2. Prolong expiratory time
  3. Tolerate moderate permissive hypercapnia
34
Q

What piece of equipment may benefit patients with exercise-induced asthma?

A

HME —> retains airway humidity

35
Q

Which VA reduces airway resistance

A

All of them

36
Q

IV induction agent that causes bronchodilation

A

Ketamine

37
Q

Dose of lidocaine that reduces airway reflexes at extubation

A

1-1.5 mg/kg, 1-3 minutes before extubation

38
Q

Avoid histamine releasing drugs in asthma, especially (4)

A
  1. Sux
  2. Meperidine
  3. Morphine
  4. Atracurium
39
Q

What is the best beta blocker for asthma?

A

Esmolol

Apex Tidbits (1 decks)

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