Respiratory

Question 1

Structure of Respiratory system

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
pharynx
larynx
epiglottis
trachea
bronchus
bronchioles
alveoli

Question 2

Define Diffusion

Answer 2

Process of substances

Question 3

Explain Chemoreceptors

Answer 3

detect changes in CO2 levels in blood and sends signals to the brain that’ll make it changes to breathing.

Question 4

Define Neural Control

Answer 4

Controlled by neurones in brain stem located in the medulla oblongata which is in the middle of brain, this is responsible for involuntary functions such as breathing.

Question 5

Explain chemical control

Answer 5

Chemoreceptors detect changes in blood pH and CO2 levels and will make changes to breathing due to levels

Chemoreceptors also found in the aortic arch and the carotid arteries.

Question 6

Describe the mechanics of breathing inspiration

Answer 6

Diaphragm contracts - active
External Intercostals contract - active
Diaphragm flattens
Ribs and sternum move up and
out
Thoracic cavity volume increases
Lung air pressure decreases below atmospheric (outside)
pressure
Air rushes into the lungs

Question 7

Describe mechanics of breathing expiration

Answer 7

Diaphragm relaxes - passive
external intercostals relax- passive
Diaphragm relaxes moving up rib and sternum move in and down
Thoracic cavity volume decreases
lung air pressure increases below atmosphere pressure
Air rushes out of the lung.

Question 8

Explain role of two additional skeletal muscles, one during inspiration and one during expiration.

Answer 8

Inspiration- Scalenes will pull up the first rib to encourage more movement in ribs

Expiration- Rectus Abdominus which helps pull his rib cage down and in which helps force air out.