Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMSC 208 > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 primary functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. Exchange of gases btwn atmosphere & blood (brings in O2 and sends out CO2)
  2. Homeostatic regulation of body pH (maintain normal pH = to maintain protein structure) [controlled via (retaining/excreting) CO2 lvls]
  3. Acts as a nuetralizer that protects froms inhaled pathagens
  4. Vocalization (moving air across your vocal cord)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Air exchange occurs by _______

A

bulk flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Air and blood share which 3 bulk flow qualities?

A
  1. flow occurs from high pressure –> low pressure
  2. Muscular pump creates the pressure gradients
  3. Resistance is primarily influenced by diameter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F Air & Blood are not both fluids?

A

False - they are both fluids
air flow in respiratory sys = air less viscous, **compressable mixture of gases **
bloodflow in circulatory sys = noncompressible liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bulk flow

A

mass movement of air/blood as result of pressure gradient (down them)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is external respiration?

A

movement of gases btwn the enviroment & the body’s cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 4 subdivisions of Exteral Enivroment?

A
  1. Air Exchange btwn= atmosphere –> lung (ventilation)
  2. O2/CO2 Exchange btwn = lung –> blood
  3. O2/CO2 transport = move via blood
  4. Gas exchange btwn = blood –> cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ____& ____ systems coordinate the trasnsfer of ___ & ___ between the __and the __

A

The respiratory & circulatory system coordinate the transfer of O2/CO2 btwn the atmoshpere & the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

T/F External Respiration only requires the respiratory system

A

False = it requires the coordination of both the respiratory and circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

structures involed in ventaliation & gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the 3 structures in the respiratory system

A
  1. airways (from outside –>SA of lung)
  2. Alveoli (concave vessel) @ the end of smallest bronchiole = site of gas exchange
    3.** bones/muscle** of thorax (chest) + abdomen that help w ventilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the structures within the upper/lower respiratory system

A

Upper: mouth,nasal cavity,pharynx,larynx
Lower(thoracic part): trachea, 2 main bronchi (bronchos=windpipe: singular-bronchi), their branches + lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The thorax has 3 membranous sacs around:
1. pericardial sac = heart
2. __ sacs (x2) = ____

A

1 pleural sac around each lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What material are the lungs composed of?

A

thier composed of light spngy tissue whose volume is occupied mostly by air-filled spaces (spongy tissue filled with air) (due to many aveoli?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What material are the lungs composed of?

A

thier composed of light spngy tissue whose volume is occupied mostly by air-filled spaces (spongy tissue filled with air) (due to many aveoli?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is the left or right lung larger? Why or why not?

A

Right lung is larger then the left
left lung = cardiac notch for emeded heart

16
Q

T/F One pleural sac surrounds both lungs

A

False - one pleural sac surrouds EACH lung

17
Q

What is a pleural sac?

A

double wall-sac that protects lungs from friction when rubbing

18
Q

Which 3 muscles interact with the lungs in the thoracic cage?

A
  1. Diaphragm = muscle that makes floor of cage
  2. Sternocleidomastoid = (inspiraotry) HELP elevate upper ribs
  3. Scalenes = (respiratory) = lift the upper rib cage
19
Q

What is the function of pleural fluid?

A

to hold lungs tight against the thoracic wall

20
Q

What connects the lungs to the external enviroment?

A

airways

21
Q

List the path air takes when coming in via the upper respiratory tract (nose/mouth)

A

nose/mouth –> pharynx –> larynx (voice box) –> trachea (main airway of respiratory sys) –> extends down thorax –> branches off into a pair of primary bronchi –> smaller brochi –> broncioles –> alveoli (on smallest bronchiole?)

22
Q

What effect do the branhcing of bronchi have on SA?

A

The more branching/division that occure = the higher the collective SA gets

23
Q

Airflow is ____ porportional to SA of bronci

A

inversly, meaning:
high velocity = less branching (at upper airways)
low velocity = more branching (terminal airways)

24
Q

What happens to air velocity as it moves down the airways?

A

air velocity decreases due to increase SA

25
Q

__ and __ play the important role of conditioning air before it reaches the alveoli.

A

Upper airways & bronchi

26
Q

What 3 conditioning roles do the upper airways & bronchi play?

A
  1. Warm air to body temp = to manitain core body temp & prevent alvroli damage through cold air
  2. Add water vapor = makes air 100% humid so that the epithelium doens’t dry out
  3. Filter out foreign material = keep unwanted viruses & things outside & away from alveoli (via nose air, mucus,)
27
Q

Where is air filtered in which 2 airways?

A

Trachea & Bronchi

28
Q

Air fiteration

Epethelial cells lining the airways & submucosal glands secrete __ and __

A

lining of epethelial cells secrete = SALINE & MUCUS

Notes
epthithelial cells = produc saline
goblet cells produce = mucus

29
Q

Mucus contains __

A

immunoglobins

30
Q

What is the mucoscilliary escalator?

A

epithilial cells contain cilia which push mucus upwards towards pharynx

31
Q

T/F Only mucus is necessary for the function of mucocillary escalator

A

False
Saline is VITAL
the watery saline layer under the mucus allows the cilia beat & push mucus upward to pharynx

cilia beats = pulls saline layer up = which then pullls mucus up with it

32
Q

Which channel is primarily responsible for the saline secretion of airway epethelial cells?

A

CFTR channel = if blocked, then Cl- won’t be released into lumen from cell –> won’t cause electrochemical & concentration gradients needs for movement of Na & H2O –> lumen stays dry

33
Q

Which channel is primarily responsible for the saline secretion of airway epethelial cells?

A

CFTR channel = if blocked, then Cl- won’t be released into lumen from cell –> won’t cause electrochemical & concentration gradients needs for movement of Na & H2O –> lumen stays dry

34
Q

Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the gene production of the __ channel

A

CFTR channel = cystic fribrosis transmembrance conductance regulator

condition that leaes peeps wth too much mucus in airway

succeptable to infection

35
Q

air-filled __ clusted at the end of the terminal bronchioles make up the bulk of lung tissue

A

alveoli

alveoli make up the bulk of the lungs

36
Q

Alveoli are heavily __ and have large __ optimal for gas exchange

A

vascularized (with cappilories) and huge SA

37
Q

T/F close associationo falveoli with network of cappilaries = intamte link btwn respiratory & circulatory system

A

True

38
Q

Which one (palmanory/systematic) curcit has the higher blood flow?
Which circut (palm/sys) has the higher Cardiac Output?
Which circut (palm/sys) has the higher pressure?

A

Highest blood flow = palmanory
Cardiac output = same in both
HIghest pressure = systemic

palmonary = low pressure = due to low resisatnce = due to shorter travel distance btwn heart & lung

BMSC 208 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions